Summary
In People v. Kennard, 134 AD3d 1519, 1521 (4th Dept 2015), the Appellate Division concluded that standing alone a defendant's statement "I think I need to talk to an attorney" was not an unequivocal request for counsel, but her subsequent statement "I need to" in response to the question "Would you like to talk to one? If you think that, that's fine.
Summary of this case from People v. JhuOpinion
1298 KA 15-00273.
12-31-2015
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Jennifer K. KENNARD, Defendant–Appellant.
Law Offices of Joseph D. Waldorf, P.C., Rochester (Joseph D. Waldorf of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Scott Myles of Counsel), for Respondent.
Law Offices of Joseph D. Waldorf, P.C., Rochester (Joseph D. Waldorf of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Scott Myles of Counsel), for Respondent.
Opinion
MEMORANDUM:
On appeal from a judgment convicting her following a nonjury trial of, inter alia, six counts of rape in the second degree (Penal Law § 130.301 ), defendant contends that County Court erred in failing to suppress statements she made to the police after she invoked her right to counsel. We agree. We therefore grant that part of defendant's omnibus motion seeking to suppress any statements she made to the police after her invocation of the right to counsel, and we grant a new trial.
On March 15, 2013, defendant was interviewed at the Irondequoit Police Department by two investigators, who had recently been informed by a 16–year–old boy that defendant, a teacher's aide at the boy's school, had engaged him in a sexual relationship for the previous two years. During the custodial interview, which was recorded on video, defendant waived her Miranda rights and repeatedly denied having sex with the boy. After answering questions for approximately an hour and ten minutes, defendant said, “I think I need to talk to an attorney.” In response, the first investigator stated, “Would you like to talk to one? If you think that, that's fine. That's up to you.” Defendant replied, “I need to,” before going on to state that she would never have bad feelings toward the boy and genuinely cared about him. The questioning then ceased, and the first investigator allowed defendant to go outside with the second investigator and a female Child Protective Services worker to smoke a cigarette.
While defendant was smoking in the parking garage, the second investigator engaged her in a lengthy conversation. Unbeknownst to defendant, the conversation was being digitally recorded by the second investigator. During the conversation, defendant made numerous admissions, all but confessing that she had engaged in sexual activity with the boy. She was thereafter arrested and charged with multiple counts of rape in the second degree, among other charges. Following indictment, defendant moved to suppress the statements she made to the second investigator in the parking garage, contending that they were obtained in violation of her right to counsel. At the ensuing Huntley hearing, the two investigators testified, and the recording of the interview was admitted into evidence. Defendant did not testify or call any witnesses. The court denied defendant's motion, ruling that she had not unequivocally invoked her right to counsel.
It is well settled that “a suspect in custody who unequivocally requests the assistance of counsel may not be questioned further in the absence of an attorney” (People v. Harris, 93 A.D.3d 58, 66, 936 N.Y.S.2d 233, affd. 20 N.Y.3d 912, 956 N.Y.S.2d 478, 980 N.E.2d 527; see People v. Grice, 100 N.Y.2d 318, 320–321, 763 N.Y.S.2d 227, 794 N.E.2d 9; People v. Glover, 87 N.Y.2d 838, 839, 637 N.Y.S.2d 683, 661 N.E.2d 155). “Whether a particular request [for counsel] is or is not unequivocal is a mixed question of law and fact that must be determined with reference to the circumstances surrounding the request[,] including the defendant's demeanor [and] manner of expression[,] and the particular words found to have been used by the defendant” (People v. Barber, 124 A.D.3d 1312, 1313, 999 N.Y.S.2d 645 [internal quotation marks omitted], lv. dismissed 26 N.Y.3d 965, 18 N.Y.S.3d 601, 40 N.E.3d 579; see People v. Mitchell, 2 N.Y.3d 272, 276, 778 N.Y.S.2d 427, 810 N.E.2d 879).
Here, we conclude that, although defendant's statement “I think I need to talk to an attorney” may not, standing alone, constitute an unequivocal invocation of the right to counsel (see People v. Twillie, 28 A.D.3d 1236, 1237, 813 N.Y.S.2d 626, lv. denied 7 N.Y.3d 795, 821 N.Y.S.2d 825, 854 N.E.2d 1290; People v. Davis, 193 A.D.2d 1142, 1142, 598 N.Y.S.2d 622), her subsequent statement “I need to”—made in reply to the first investigator stating “Would you like to talk to one? If you think that, that's fine. That's up to you”—removed any ambiguity and made clear that defendant was requesting the assistance of counsel (see generally People v. Porter, 9 N.Y.3d 966, 967, 848 N.Y.S.2d 583, 878 N.E.2d 998; Barber, 124 A.D.3d at 1313, 999 N.Y.S.2d 645; Harris, 93 A.D.3d at 69, 936 N.Y.S.2d 233).
We disagree with the hearing court that it is unclear exactly what defendant said to the first investigator after he told her that she could talk to an attorney if she so desired. In our view, defendant can be heard to clearly say, “I need to.” In any event, even assuming, arguendo, that defendant instead said, “I'll need to,” as the People suggest, we conclude that defendant's request for counsel was no less unequivocal, and that the court therefore should have suppressed the statements defendant made to the second investigator in the parking garage. We further conclude that the court's error in denying the suppression motion is not harmless because there is a “reasonable possibility that the error might have contributed to defendant's conviction” (People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 237, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787; see People v. Huntsman, 96 A.D.3d 1390, 1392, 947 N.Y.S.2d 235; see generally People v. Douglas, 4 N.Y.3d 777, 779, 793 N.Y.S.2d 825, 826 N.E.2d 796).
We have reviewed defendant's remaining contentions and conclude that they lack merit.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law, that part of the omnibus motion seeking to suppress defendant's statements is granted, and a new trial is granted.