Opinion
2015-07688, Ind. No. 1369/13.
10-18-2017
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Vaughn KEITH, appellant.
Mischel & Horn, P.C., New York, NY (Richard E. Mischel and Gail Jacobs of counsel), for appellant. Eric Gonzalez, Acting District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove, Solomon Neubort, and John C. Carroll of counsel), for respondent.
Mischel & Horn, P.C., New York, NY (Richard E. Mischel and Gail Jacobs of counsel), for appellant.
Eric Gonzalez, Acting District Attorney, Brooklyn, NY (Leonard Joblove, Solomon Neubort, and John C. Carroll of counsel), for respondent.
RANDALL T. ENG, P.J., L. PRISCILLA HALL, JEFFREY A. COHEN, and FRANCESCA E. CONNOLLY, JJ.
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Harrington, J.), rendered August 3, 2015, convicting him of manslaughter in the second degree and assault in the second degree, upon a jury verdict, and sentencing him to an indeterminate term of imprisonment of 3 ? to 10 years on the conviction of manslaughter in the second degree, and a concurrent determinate term of imprisonment of 3 years, to be followed by 3 years of postrelease supervision, on the conviction of assault in the second degree.
ORDERED that the judgment is modified, as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, by reducing the sentence imposed on the conviction of manslaughter in the second degree from an indeterminate term of imprisonment of 3 ? to 10 years to an indeterminate term of imprisonment of 2 to 6 years, and by reducing the sentence imposed on the conviction of assault in the second degree from a determinate term of imprisonment of 3 years, to be followed by 3 years of postrelease supervision, to a determinate term of imprisonment of 2 years, to be followed by 2 years of postrelease supervision; as so modified, the judgment is affirmed, and the matter is remitted to the Supreme Court, Kings County, for further proceedings pursuant to CPL 460.50 (5).
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see People v. Contes, 60 N.Y.2d 620, 467 N.Y.S.2d 349, 454 N.E.2d 932 ), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish the defendant's guilt of manslaughter in the second degree and assault in the second degree beyond a reasonable doubt. Specifically, the evidence was legally sufficient to prove causation (see Penal Law § 125.20[1] ; People v. McFadden, 168 A.D.2d 461, 461, 562 N.Y.S.2d 580 ) and to disprove justification (see Penal Law § 35.15[2] [a] ; People v. Williams, 136 A.D.3d 637, 23 N.Y.S.3d 899 ). Moreover, in fulfilling our responsibility to conduct an independent review of the weight of the evidence (see CPL 470.15 [5] ; People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we nevertheless accord great deference to the jury's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear the testimony, and observe demeanor (see People v. Mateo, 2 N.Y.3d 383, 779 N.Y.S.2d 399, 811 N.E.2d 1053 ). Upon reviewing the record, we are satisfied that the verdict of guilt and the rejection of the justification defense were not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Romero, 7 N.Y.3d 633, 826 N.Y.S.2d 163, 859 N.E.2d 902 ; People v. Rosado, 134 A.D.3d 1133, 22 N.Y.S.3d 235 ).
The defendant's contention as to the propriety of the People's cross-examination of a character witness is without merit (see People v. West, 271 A.D.2d 806, 708 N.Y.S.2d 478 ).
The sentence imposed was excessive to the extent indicated herein, due to a number of mitigating factors fully set forth in the record (see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 83–84, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675 ).
HALL, COHEN and CONNOLLY, JJ., concur.
ENG, P.J., dissents, in part, and votes to affirm the judgment appealed from, with the following memorandum:
I respectfully dissent from so much of the majority's determination as modifies the judgment, as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, by reducing the defendant's sentence.
The defendant was convicted of manslaughter in the second degree and assault in the second degree in connection with the death of Willie Davis, a 69–year–old man who suffered from cancer and diabetes, and often experienced periods of confusion. The evidence presented at trial reveals that on the morning of January 30, 2015, Davis mistook the defendant's brownstone for his own nearby residence, walked up the steps to the front door, and began trying to unlock the door with his keys. The 32–year–old defendant, who was seated in his car across the street, observed Davis trying to get into the brownstone, and walked over to confront him. The defendant asked Davis what he was doing there, and Davis replied that he lived in the brownstone. According to the testimony of two eyewitnesses, the defendant yelled at Davis and punched him in the face. The force of the blow caused Davis to stagger and hold onto the handrail. The defendant then punched Davis a second time, causing Davis to fall down the steps to the concrete pavement. Davis suffered injuries including a fracture of his left cheekbone, fractures to bones behind his left eye socket, and a subdural hematoma. He died of his injuries five months later.
At the defendant's sentencing, the Supreme Court heard victim impact statements from several members of the Davis family, who noted that the defendant had taken "the life of a son, a brother, a husband, a father, a grandfather, a great grandfather, an uncle, a cousin, and a friend," and asked for the imposition of the maximum sentence. The defendant apologized to the Davis family, and asked for their forgiveness. Defense counsel urged the court to impose the minimum sentence, pointing out that despite a difficult childhood, the defendant had attended college and been employed by the New York City Sanitation Department for more than 10 years, and that he had two children with a third child due shortly. Defense counsel also provided the court with 20 letters of support from supervisors, coworkers, and neighbors. Prior to imposing sentence, the court stated that it was "presented with [a] tragedy for both families," but more so for the Davis family, since their loved one was no longer with them. After explaining its reasons as to why it would be inappropriate to sentence the defendant to either the minimum or maximum permissible terms, the court, "taking into account the totality of the circumstances," and the defendant's "character," sentenced him to a term of imprisonment of 3 ? to 10 years for manslaughter in the second degree, to run concurrently with a term of imprisonment of 3 years, to be followed by 3 years of postrelease supervision, for assault in the second degree.
"The determination of an appropriate sentence requires the exercise of discretion after due consideration given to, among other things, the crime charged, the particular circumstances of the individual before the court and the purpose of a penal sanction, i.e., societal protection, rehabilitation, and deterrence" ( People v. Farrar, 52 N.Y.2d 302, 305–306, 437 N.Y.S.2d 961, 419 N.E.2d 864 ). Indeed, among the declared legislative purposes underlying the 1965 enactment of the Penal Law are "[t]o provide for an appropriate public response to particular offenses, including consideration of the consequences of the offense for the victim ... the victim's family, and the community," and "[t]o insure the public safety by preventing the commission of offenses through the deterrent influence of the sentences authorized, the rehabilitation of those convicted, the promotion of their successful and productive reentry and reintegration into society, and their confinement when required in the interests of public protection" ( Penal Law § 1.05[5], [6] ). Although the sentencing court is charged, in the first instance, with the responsibility to "perform the delicate balancing necessary to accommodate the public and private interests represented in the criminal process" ( People v. Farrar, 52 N.Y.2d at 306, 437 N.Y.S.2d 961, 419 N.E.2d 864 ), the intermediate appellate courts of this State have "broad, plenary power to modify a sentence that is unduly harsh or severe," and may do so "if the interest of justice warrants, without deference to the sentencing court" ( People v. Delgado, 80 N.Y.2d 780, 783, 587 N.Y.S.2d 271, 599 N.E.2d 675 ).
Here, the Supreme Court imposed terms of imprisonment that fell in the middle of the statutorily permissible range. It did so after hearing from members of the victim's family, acknowledging letters of support offered by defense counsel, and carefully balancing the defendant's personal circumstances against the gravity of his crimes and the impact of his crimes upon the victim's family. Although this Court is nevertheless empowered to reduce the defendant's sentence if it deems it unduly harsh or excessive, I cannot agree that this is the case here. The defendant bears criminal responsibility for conduct that resulted in the death of an elderly man in ill health who was powerless to ward off his blows. While the defendant had no prior criminal history and had been steadily employed for more than 10 years, these considerationsmust be weighed against the larger societal interests at stake in the sentencing process. Taking these interests into account, in my view, it cannot be said that the interest of justice warrants a reduction in the defendant's sentence (see People v. Suitte, 90 A.D.2d 80, 455 N.Y.S.2d 675 ).