Opinion
2017-2043 Q CR
09-10-2021
The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Odell Terrick Johnson, Appellant. The People of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Odell Terrick Johnson, Appellant.
New York City Legal Aid Society (Allen Fallek and Lawrence T. Hausman of counsel), for appellant. Queens County District Attorney (John M. Castellano, Johnnette Traill, Roni C. Piplani and Peter R. Isham of counsel), for respondent.
Unpublished Opinion
New York City Legal Aid Society (Allen Fallek and Lawrence T. Hausman of counsel), for appellant.
Queens County District Attorney (John M. Castellano, Johnnette Traill, Roni C. Piplani and Peter R. Isham of counsel), for respondent.
PRESENT: THOMAS P. ALIOTTA, P.J., MICHELLE WESTON, DAVID ELLIOT, JJ
Appeals from a judgment of the Criminal Court of the City of New York, Queens County (Althea Drysdale, J.), rendered September 18, 2017 and an amended judgment of that court (Eugene Guarino, J.) rendered October 17, 2018. The judgment convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of driving while ability impaired and unlawful possession of marihuana, and imposed sentence. The amended judgment vacated the sentence previously imposed and resentenced defendant.
ORDERED that, on the court's own motion, the appeals are consolidated for purposes of disposition; and it is further, ORDERED that so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment of conviction that imposed sentence is dismissed as academic, as that portion of the judgment of conviction was superseded by defendant's resentence on October 17, 2018; and it is further, ORDERED that so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment convicting defendant of unlawful possession of marihuana is dismissed as academic; and it is further, ORDERED that the judgment of conviction, insofar as reviewed, is affirmed; and it is further, ORDERED that the appeal from the amended judgment is dismissed as abandoned.
Defendant was charged with driving while intoxicated (common law) (Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 [3]), driving while ability impaired by drugs (Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 [4]), and unlawful possession of marihuana (Penal Law § 221.05). A jury trial was held and, before the jury deliberated, the court added a charge of driving while ability impaired (Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 [1]) to the verdict sheet, as a lesser included charge of driving while intoxicated (common law). Following the trial, the jury found defendant guilty of driving while ability impaired and unlawful possession of marihuana. He was acquitted of driving while intoxicated (common law) and of driving while ability impaired by drugs. Defendant was sentenced on September 18, 2017 and resentenced on October 17, 2018.
Upon a defendant's request, this court must conduct a weight of the evidence review and, thus, "a defendant will be given one appellate review of adverse factual findings" (People v Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 348 [2007]; see also People v Joyner, 126 A.D.3d 1002 [2015]). If a finding in favor of the defendant "would not have been unreasonable" (People v Curry, 112 A.D.3d 843, 844 [2013]), this court "must weigh conflicting testimony, review any rational inferences that may be drawn from the evidence and evaluate the strength of such conclusions" (Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d at 348). Nonetheless, great deference is accorded to the jury's opportunity to view the witnesses, hear their testimony, and observe their demeanor (see People v Lane, 7 N.Y.3d 888, 890 [2006]; People v Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495 [1987]). However, if it appears that the jury failed to give the evidence the weight it should be accorded, this court may reverse the judgment of conviction and dismiss the accusatory instrument (see CPL 470.20 [5]; People v Romero, 7 N.Y.3d 633, 643-644 [2006]; People v Mateo, 2 N.Y.3d 383, 410 [2004]). Application of these principles here warrants the conclusion that the verdict convicting defendant of violating Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1192 (1) was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v Fasano, 66 Misc.3d 149 [A], 2020 NY Slip Op 50271[U] [App Term, 2d Dept, 9th & 10th Jud Dists 2020]; People v Scott, 60 Misc.3d 128 [A], 2018 NY Slip Op 50939[U] [App Term, 2d Dept, 2d, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2018]).
Defendant's conviction of unlawful possession of marihuana "became a nullity by operation of law, independently of any appeal, and without requiring any action by this [c]ourt," pursuant to CPL 160.50 [5], effective August 28, 2019 (People v Disano, 67 Misc.3d 131 [A], 2020 NY Slip Op 50439[U], *1 [App Term, 1st Dept 2020]). Consequently, the appeal, insofar as is from so much of the judgment as convicted defendant of unlawful possession of marihuana is dismissed as academic (see Disano, 67 Misc.3d 131[A], 2020 NY Slip Op 50439[U]; People v Williams, 65 Misc.3d 154 [A], 2019 NY Slip Op 51908[U] [App Term, 1st Dept 2019]; People v Taite, 65 Misc.3d 137 [A], 2019 NY Slip Op 51671[U] [App Term, 1st Dept 2019]).
Finally, defendant raises no specific issue with respect to his resentence on October 17, 2018. Under the circumstances presented, the appeal from the amended judgment is dismissed as abandoned.
Accordingly, the judgment of conviction, insofar as reviewed, is affirmed, and the appeal from the amended judgment is dismissed.
ALIOTTA, P.J., and ELLIOT, J., concur.
WESTON, J.P., concurs in part and dissents in part, and votes to dismiss, as abandoned, the appeal from the amended judgment; dismiss, as academic, so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment of conviction that imposed sentence; dismiss, as academic, so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment convicting defendant of unlawful possession of marihuana; reverse the judgment of conviction insofar as reviewed, and dismiss the count of the accusatory instrument charging defendant with driving while ability impaired in the following memorandum:
I agree with the majority that the appeal from the amended judgment, so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment of conviction that imposed sentence, and so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment convicting defendant of unlawful possession of marihuana should be dismissed. However, having reviewed all the evidence, including defendant's video statement at the precinct, I conclude that the jury's verdict with respect to driving while ability impaired was against the weight of the evidence. Accordingly, I respectfully dissent and vote to reverse so much of the judgment as convicted defendant of that offense and dismiss that count of the accusatory instrument (see CPL 470.20).
At trial, the People relied mainly on the testimony of the arresting officer, whose recollection was based, in part, on his memo book. The officer testified that, upon responding to a radio run for a motor vehicle accident, he observed defendant sleeping behind the wheel of a vehicle stopped in the middle of the road with the keys in the ignition and the engine running. According to the officer, the vehicle had damage to its right front corner panel, and there was damage to a nearby utility pole. Although the officer testified that he detected a strong odor of alcohol coming from the vehicle, he did not note this observation in his memo book and no alcohol was recovered. Even the officer assigned to administer breath and coordination tests at the precinct could not recall whether defendant smelled of alcohol. Although the arresting officer described defendant to be swaying and unsteady on his feet, with bloodshot, watery eyes and slurred speech, nothing in his memo book, which was admitted into evidence, contained such description. Indeed, a video of defendant taken at the precinct less than an hour after his arrest shows a strikingly different portrayal of defendant. In the video, defendant is articulate, coherent, steady on his feet, and cooperative, and he calmly and appropriately answers the officer's questions.
While I recognize that deference must be given to the jury's ability to assess the evidence and view the witnesses (see People v Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495 [1987]), in this case, the jury failed to give the evidence the weight it should be accorded. The only evidence of defendant's guilt was the arresting officer's testimony, which was largely based on a memo book that omitted crucial details that would have supported the officer's testimony. Not only did these omissions undermine the reliability of the officer's testimony, but the video of defendant at the precinct completely discounted that testimony. Based on this record, an acquittal would not have been unreasonable (see People v Andujar, 166 A.D.3d 893 [2018]). Weighing "the conflicting testimony and conflicting inferences in light of the elements [of the crime charged]" (People v Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 350 [2007]), I cannot conclude that the jury was justified in finding defendant guilty of operating a motor vehicle while his ability was impaired by the consumption of alcohol.
Accordingly, I vote to dismiss, as abandoned, the appeal from the amended judgment; dismiss, as academic, so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment of conviction that imposed sentence; dismiss, as academic, so much of the appeal as is from the portion of the judgment convicting defendant of unlawful possession of marihuana; reverse the judgment of conviction insofar as reviewed, and dismiss the count of the accusatory instrument charging defendant with driving while ability impaired.