Opinion
940 KA 19-02144
02-04-2022
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Virgil JOHNSON, Defendant-Appellant.
LEANNE LAPP, PUBLIC DEFENDER, CANANDAIGUA, THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (ALLYSON L. KEHL-WIERZBOWSKI OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. JAMES B. RITTS, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, CANANDAIGUA (V. CHRISTOPHER EAGGLESTON OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
LEANNE LAPP, PUBLIC DEFENDER, CANANDAIGUA, THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (ALLYSON L. KEHL-WIERZBOWSKI OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
JAMES B. RITTS, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, CANANDAIGUA (V. CHRISTOPHER EAGGLESTON OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: PERADOTTO, J.P., CARNI, LINDLEY, WINSLOW, AND BANNISTER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from an order determining that he is a level two risk pursuant to the Sex Offender Registration Act ( Correction Law § 168 et seq. ). Contrary to defendant's contention, County Court, despite a misstatement of facts in its written decision, issued "an order setting forth its determinations and the findings of fact and conclusions of law on which the determinations are based" (§ 168-n [3]; see People v. Smith , 11 N.Y.3d 797, 798, 868 N.Y.S.2d 569, 897 N.E.2d 1050 [2008] ; People v. Young , 108 A.D.3d 1232, 1233, 969 N.Y.S.2d 372 [4th Dept. 2013], lv denied 22 N.Y.3d 853, 2013 WL 5658386 [2013], rearg denied 22 N.Y.3d 1036, 981 N.Y.S.2d 351, 4 N.E.3d 362 [2013] ; cf. People v. Flax , 71 A.D.3d 1451, 1452, 896 N.Y.S.2d 560 [4th Dept. 2010] ). Moreover, even if we were to conclude that "the court failed to set forth its findings of fact and conclusions of law, remittal is unnecessary where, as here, the record is sufficient to enable us to make our own findings of fact and conclusions of law" ( Young , 108 A.D.3d at 1233, 969 N.Y.S.2d 372 ; see People v. Gilbert , 78 A.D.3d 1584, 1584, 910 N.Y.S.2d 808 [4th Dept. 2010], lv denied 16 N.Y.3d 704, 2011 WL 446506 [2011] ).
We also reject defendant's further contention that the court abused or improvidently exercised its discretion in granting the People's request for an upward departure to risk level two. The People established by clear and convincing evidence the existence of an aggravating factor that, " ‘as a matter of law, ... tend[s] to establish a higher likelihood of reoffense or danger to the community’ " ( People v. Moore , 130 A.D.3d 1498, 1498, 12 N.Y.S.3d 757 [4th Dept. 2015] ) and is "of a kind, or to a degree, not otherwise adequately taken into account by the [risk assessment] guidelines" ( People v. Abraham , 39 A.D.3d 1208, 1209, 834 N.Y.S.2d 413 [4th Dept. 2007] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see generally People v. Gillotti , 23 N.Y.3d 841, 861, 994 N.Y.S.2d 1, 18 N.E.3d 701 [2014] ).
Specifically, defendant was assessed five points for sexual contact over clothing. While we agree with defendant that there was no evidence of actual penetration of the victim, the case summary and evidence at the hearing established that defendant intended to and came close to penetrating the victim. During the course of his sexual assault of the 14-year-old female victim, he placed a condom on his penis and twice tried to penetrate her even though she was still wearing her shorts and underwear. We thus conclude that the five points assessed in the category of sexual contact did not adequately take into account the severity of the assault, the risk of reoffense or defendant's danger to the community (see People v. Headwell , 156 A.D.3d 1263, 1264, 66 N.Y.S.3d 580 [3d Dept. 2017], lv denied 31 N.Y.3d 902, 2018 WL 1473542 [2018] ; People v. DeDona , 102 A.D.3d 58, 68, 954 N.Y.S.2d 541 [2d Dept. 2012] ).
"[A]n objective risk assessment instrument, ‘no matter how well designed, will not fully capture the nuances of every case’ " ( DeDona , 102 A.D.3d at 68, 954 N.Y.S.2d 541, quoting Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary at 4 [2006] [Guidelines]), and the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders has specifically acknowledged the possibility of an upward departure where the court concludes that the lack of points, or in this case the actual point assessment, "results in an under-assessment of the offender's actual risk to public safety" (Guidelines at 9). Based on our determination that the upward departure was warranted on that ground, we do not address defendant's contentions regarding other factors that were cited by the court as a basis for an upward departure.