Opinion
02-13-2015
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Donnell JEFFERSON, Defendant–Appellant.
Charles T. Noce, Conflict Defender, Rochester (Kathleen P. Reardon of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. Donnell Jefferson, Defendant–Appellant Pro Se. Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Geoffrey Kaeuper of Counsel), for Respondent.
Charles T. Noce, Conflict Defender, Rochester (Kathleen P. Reardon of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant.
Donnell Jefferson, Defendant–Appellant Pro Se.
Sandra Doorley, District Attorney, Rochester (Geoffrey Kaeuper of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: SCUDDER, P.J., CENTRA, LINDLEY, SCONIERS, AND DeJOSEPH, JJ.
Opinion
MEMORANDUM:Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of two counts of predatory sexual assault (Penal Law § 130.95 [1 ] [b]; [3] ), and one count each of kidnapping in the second degree (§ 135.20) and robbery in the first degree (§ 160.15[3] ). Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we reject defendant's contention that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (see generally People v. Bleakley, 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). The evidence against defendant is based largely on the testimony of prosecution witnesses, and we afford deference to the jury's ability “to view the witnesses, hear the testimony and observe demeanor” (id.; see People v. Gay, 105 A.D.3d 1427, 1428, 963 N.Y.S.2d 898 ).
We further reject defendant's contention that County Court erred in permitting a witness to testify that defendant had called her on the night of the incident and indicated that he might be “going to jail.” That testimony was admissible because defendant's statement was relevant with respect to his consciousness of guilt, and the probative value of the testimony outweighs any potential prejudice (see People v. Bennett, 79 N.Y.2d 464, 469–470, 583 N.Y.S.2d 825, 593 N.E.2d 279 ; People v. Case, 113 A.D.3d 872, 873, 979 N.Y.S.2d 383, lv. denied 23 N.Y.3d 961, 988 N.Y.S.2d 568, 11 N.E.3d 718 ). We likewise reject defendant's contention that the court erred in admitting in evidence both the phone cord found in the victim's vehicle and the results of the DNA testing from the cord, based on a gap in the chain of custody. “The People provided sufficient assurances of the identity and unchanged condition of the [cord] ..., and any alleged gaps in the chain of custody went to the weight of the evidence and not its admissibility” (People v. Johnson, 121 A.D.3d 1578, 1578, 993 N.Y.S.2d 856 ; see People v. Julian, 41 N.Y.2d 340, 342–343, 392 N.Y.S.2d 610, 360 N.E.2d 1310 ; People v. Howard, 2 A.D.3d 1323, 1323–1324, 770 N.Y.S.2d 262, lv. denied 2 N.Y.3d 800, 781 N.Y.S.2d 300, 814 N.E.2d 472 ). In any event, any error in admitting the cord and the DNA results in evidence is harmless (see generally People v. Crimmins, 36 N.Y.2d 230, 241–242, 367 N.Y.S.2d 213, 326 N.E.2d 787 ).
Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that the indictment is multiplicitous with respect to the two counts of predatory sexual assault (see People v. Sponburgh, 61 A.D.3d 1415, 1416, 877 N.Y.S.2d 585, lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 929, 884 N.Y.S.2d 711, 912 N.E.2d 1092 ; People v. Brandel, 306 A.D.2d 860, 860, 762 N.Y.S.2d 468 ) and, in any event, that contention is without merit. Although the two counts concern the same victim, they require, respectively, proof that defendant used or threatened the immediate use of a dangerous instrument and proof that defendant committed a prior felony under Penal Law article 130. “An indictment is not multiplicitous if each count requires proof of an additional fact that the other does not” (People v. Kindlon, 217 A.D.2d 793, 795, 629 N.Y.S.2d 827, lv. denied 86 N.Y.2d 844, 634 N.Y.S.2d 453, 658 N.E.2d 231 ). We further conclude that the sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.
Defendant contends in his main and pro se supplemental briefs that he was deprived of effective assistance of counsel because, inter alia, defense counsel waived certain pretrial hearings, waived an opening statement at trial, and did not cross-examine all of the prosecution witnesses. To the extent that defendant's contention “involve[s] matters outside the record on appeal, ... the proper procedural vehicle for raising [that] contention[ ] is a motion pursuant to CPL 440.10 ” (People v. Archie, 78 A.D.3d 1560, 1562, 910 N.Y.S.2d 817, lv. denied 16 N.Y.3d 856, 923 N.Y.S.2d 418, 947 N.E.2d 1197 ). To the extent that defendant's contention is properly before us, we conclude that defendant received meaningful assistance of counsel (see generally People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137, 147, 444 N.Y.S.2d 893, 429 N.E.2d 400 ). Defendant further contends in his pro se supplemental brief that he was deprived of a fair trial based on alleged Brady violations. Those parts of defendant's contention concerning the prosecutor's alleged failure to disclose his ex-girlfriend's prior exculpatory statements made on his behalf and the victim's ex-boyfriend's prior written statement involve matters outside the record, and thus must be raised by a motion pursuant to CPL article 440 (see People v. DeJesus, 110 A.D.3d 1480, 1482, 973 N.Y.S.2d 512, lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1155, 984 N.Y.S.2d 639, 7 N.E.3d 1127 ). To the extent that defendant's contention is reviewable, we conclude that it lacks merit.
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.