Opinion
No. 4–10–0687.
2011-09-26
The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff–Appellee, v. Matthew R. HUGHES, Defendant–Appellant.
Veronique Baker, Guardianship & Advocacy Commission, Chicago, Barbara A. Goeben (argued), Guardianship & Advocacy Commission, Alton, for appellant. Thomas J. Brown, State's Attorney (Patrick Delfino, Robert J. Biderman, and James C. Majors (argued), State's Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor's Office, of counsel), for the People.
Veronique Baker, Guardianship & Advocacy Commission, Chicago, Barbara A. Goeben (argued), Guardianship & Advocacy Commission, Alton, for appellant. Thomas J. Brown, State's Attorney (Patrick Delfino, Robert J. Biderman, and James C. Majors (argued), State's Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor's Office, of counsel), for the People.
OPINION
Justice COOK delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
¶ 1 On February 25, 2009, defendant, Matthew R. Hughes, was found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) on one count of aggravated battery (720 ILCS 5/12–4(b)(18) (West Supp.2007)), following a stipulated bench trial. On August 31, 2010, the trial court set defendant's maximum commitment or Thiem date (see People v. Thiem, 82 Ill.App.3d 956, 38 Ill.Dec. 416, 403 N.E.2d 647 (1980)) as October 13, 2012. Defendant appeals, arguing his Thiem date should have been set at October 13, 2011. We affirm the judgment of the trial court as modified, set defendant's Thiem date as October 14, 2011, and remand for issuance of an amended maximum-term determination judgment.
¶ 2 I. BACKGROUND
¶ 3 On January 31, 2008, defendant was charged with aggravated battery, in that on September 23, 2007, he threw a liquid substance on Timothy Fish, an employee of Pontiac Correctional Facility. At the time defendant was serving a two-year sentence for retail theft, with a release date of October 13, 2008. On February 25, 2009, the Livingston County circuit court found defendant not guilty by reason of insanity and ordered him transferred to the Department of Human Services (DHS) for a mental-health evaluation to determine whether he was subject to involuntary commitment. Defendant was transferred from the Illinois Department of Corrections (DOC) to DHS on April 7, 2009. On October 15, 2009, the circuit court entered an order finding that defendant was subject to involuntary commitment.
¶ 4 The parties stipulated that defendant's maximum period of involuntary commitment was three years. There was a question, however, when that period should begin. Defendant argues the period should have begun running on October 13, 2008, the day he was scheduled to be released from DOC on the original offense. The State first argued that the sentence on the original offense was not completed until the mandatory supervised release (MSR) period had expired, October 13, 2009. The State has now abandoned that argument, but argues that the time defendant remained in custody after his scheduled release date, October 13, 2008, until the date of his transfer to DHS, April 7, 2009, should not be counted, and the three-year period should begin April 7, 2009, the day he was committed to DHS' custody.
¶ 5 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 6 A. Standard of Review
¶ 7 The issue of when defendant's commitment period began is one of statutory interpretation. Issues of statutory interpretation are questions of law, not fact, and are subject to de novo review. See Williams v. Staples, 208 Ill.2d 480, 486–87, 281 Ill.Dec. 524, 804 N.E.2d 489, 492 (2004).
¶ 8 B. Thiem Date Principles
¶ 9 Section 5–2–4(a) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Unified Code) (730 ILCS 5/5–2–4(a) (West Supp.2007)) sets forth the proper procedure following an NGRI finding. After being found NGRI, the defendant must be evaluated and, if necessary, placed in a secure institution to receive mental-health services. See 730 ILCS 5/5–2–4(a) (West Supp.2007). Section 5–2–4(b) of the Unified Code (730 ILCS 5/5–2–4(b) (West Supp.2007)) deals with determining the maximum length of time an NGRI defendant can be committed to a secure health facility and states:
“(b) If the Court finds the defendant in need of mental health services on an inpatient basis * * * the initial order for admission of a defendant acquitted of a felony by reason of insanity shall be for an indefinite period of time. Such period of commitment shall not exceed the maximum length of time that the defendant would have been required to serve, less credit for good behavior as provided in Section 5–4–1 of the Unified Code of Corrections, before becoming eligible for release had he been convicted of and received the maximum sentence for the most serious crime for which he has been acquitted by reason of insanity. The Court shall determine the maximum period of commitment by an appropriate order.”
¶ 10 The supreme court has noted: “The primary objective of section 5–2–4 [of the Unified Code] is to insure that insanity acquitees are indeterminately institutionalized [citation], and that the intrusion on liberty interests is kept at a minimum.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Jurisec, 199 Ill.2d 108, 129, 262 Ill.Dec. 728, 766 N.E.2d 648, 660 (2002). “The commitment required by section 5–2–4 of the [Unified] Code serves two purposes: (1) it allows for the treatment of the individual's mental illness; and (2) it protects the individual and society from his potential dangerousness.” People v. Youngerman, 342 Ill.App.3d 518, 524, 279 Ill.Dec. 511, 800 N.E.2d 799, 805 (2003).
¶ 11 C. Maximum–Commitment Period in Imprisoned Defendant Situation
¶ 12 In the present case, both parties agree that defendant's maximum-commitment period under section 5–2–4(b) should be three years. The issue in the trial court stemmed from the State's position that, pursuant to section 5–8–4(f) of the Unified Code (730 ILCS 5/5–8–4(f) (West Supp.2007) (requiring any sentence for a crime committed while the defendant was in DOC custody be served consecutive to the defendant's current sentence)), defendant was required to serve his commitment period consecutive to his current prison sentence. On appeal, the State has abandoned that position and now argues that defendant's three-year maximum-commitment period did not commence until he was placed in DHS' custody and started receiving treatment on April 7, 2009. Defendant argues that he must receive credit for the time he spent in DOC custody awaiting the outcome of his pending aggravated-battery charge, meaning his three-year maximum-commitment period began on October 13, 2008, the date he would have been released from DOC custody but for the pending aggravated-battery charge.
¶ 13 1. When DHS Commitment Runs Consecutive to Prison Term, MSR on the Latter Does Not Attach To Toll Running of Maximum–Commitment Period
¶ 14 We note the trial court erred in finding that defendant's three-year maximum-commitment period did not begin until October 13, 2009, after defendant's MSR term had expired. (On appeal the State advances a different view.) The court was correct in finding that, under section 5–8–4(f), had defendant been convicted of the alleged aggravated battery, he would have been required to serve his sentence consecutive to his current prison sentence. However, the court erred in finding that defendant's current prison sentence did not expire until his MSR term was fully discharged. Section 5–8–4(e)(2) of the Unified Code (730 ILCS 5/5–8–4(e)(2) (West Supp.2007)) states:
“(e) In determining the manner in which consecutive sentences of imprisonment, one or more of which is for a felony, will be served, the Department of Corrections shall treat the offender as though he had been committed for a single term with the following incidents:
* * *
(2) the parole or mandatory supervised release term shall be as provided * * * for the most serious of the offenses involved.” (Emphasis added.) This language clearly contemplates only one MSR term, to be served after release from DOC. The MSR term on the original sentence does not affect the beginning date of the consecutive sentence.
¶ 15 Under the above-cited language, had defendant been convicted of aggravated battery, he would have served a sentence consecutive to his current sentence, which would have been completed on October 13, 2008. He would then have served his consecutive prison sentence, followed by a two-year MSR term. See 730 ILCS 5/5–8–1(d)(2) (West 2006) (MSR term for a Class 2 felony is two years). No precedent suggests that he would have been required to serve his original one-year MSR term prior to his consecutive sentence on the aggravated-battery charge. We find that the trial court erred in applying section 5–8–4(f) in this manner to defendant's three-year maximum-commitment period.
¶ 16 2. Affixing the Beginning Date for Maximum–Commitment Period
¶ 17 When did defendant's three-year maximum-commitment period commence? We conclude the answer to this question turns on how defendant's time spent in DOC custody between October 13, 2008, and April 7, 2009, is classified. For the following reasons, we find that defendant must receive credit for this time against his three-year maximum-commitment period.
¶ 18 The record fails to show defendant remained in DOC custody in relation to his sentence for retail theft after revocation of good-time credit. The record is clear that defendant was not being held in DOC custody pursuant to revocation of his MSR. See 730 ILCS 5/3–3–9(a)(3) (West 2008) (allowing the Prisoner Review Board to reconfine individuals who violate the terms of their MSR). Nor does the State argue that he violated his MSR or that any attempt was made to revoke his MSR pursuant to sections 3–3–9(c) and (d) of the Unified Code (730 ILCS 5/3–3–9(c), (d) (West 2008) (requiring a written order and opportunity for a hearing before MSR can be revoked for a violation of the conditions)). It seems axiomatic that defendant could not have been serving his one-year MSR term without actually being released from custody. This finding is confirmed by the record pertaining to the August 31, 2010, hearing at which it was confirmed that defendant was being held between October 13, 2008, and April 7, 2009, solely in connection with the pending aggravated-battery charge.
¶ 19 The question then becomes whether defendant is eligible for credit toward his three-year maximum-commitment period for the time he served in DOC prior to his transfer to DHS. Section 5–8–7(b) of the Unified Code (730 ILCS 5/5–8–7(b) (West 2006)) allows a defendant one day of credit for each day spent in presentence custody as a result of the offense for which the sentence was imposed. People v. Johnson, 396 Ill.App.3d 1028, 1033, 336 Ill.Dec. 622, 920 N.E.2d 1212, 1216 (2009). Further, under section 5–2–4(b) (730 ILCS 5/5–2–4(b) (West Supp.2007)), when a defendant is found NGRI and subject to commitment: “Such period of commitment shall not exceed the maximum length of time that the defendant would have been required to serve, less credit for good behavior * * *.” The court in Youngerman, 342 Ill.App.3d at 526, 279 Ill.Dec. 511, 800 N.E.2d at 806, analogized the NGRI defendant's situation to that of a defendant serving time in custody prior to conviction and found that the defendant was entitled to credit for portions of two days he spent in custody. Other courts have also tacitly acknowledged that a defendant subsequently “sentenced” to a mental-health facility must be given credit for time served prior to his “sentencing.” See People v. Pastewski, 164 Ill.2d 189, 192, 202, 207 Ill.Dec. 316, 647 N.E.2d 278, 281, 285 (1995) (reinstating maximum-commitment period imposed by the trial court, which included credit for time served prior to being found NGRI); People v. Hampton, 121 Ill.App.3d 273, 278, 76 Ill.Dec. 850, 459 N.E.2d 985, 989 (1983) (the defendant was “committed to the Department for an indefinite period not to exceed 11 years from his arrest date”); In re Commitment of Coppersmith, 108 Ill.App.3d 161, 162, 63 Ill.Dec. 904, 438 N.E.2d 1267, 1268 (1982) (the defendant was given credit for time served in custody of the sheriff prior to trial against his maximum-commitment period).
¶ 20 The State contends that defendant's maximum-commitment period did not commence until he was committed to DHS' custody because he was not receiving treatment prior to that point; thus, he was not “committed.” However, the State cites no authority for this proposition, nor does it account for how the time defendant spent in DOC after his release date of October 13, 2008, but prior to his transfer to DHS in this case should be allocated. A defendant who is arrested, held pending trial, and subsequently found NGRI and committed to DHS must be given credit for time served prior to trial. Defendant's situation does not differ. Defendant was held in DOC's custody solely in connection with the pending aggravated-battery charge. It follows that he must be given credit for the period between his scheduled release from custody on October 13, 2008, and his transfer to DHS on April 7, 2009, against his maximum-commitment period. To find otherwise would be to deny defendant credit for time he served in DOC custody while awaiting the outcome of his trial.
¶ 21 Though we agree with defendant's contention that his three-year maximum-commitment period began when he was scheduled to be released from prison following his two-year sentence for retail theft, we disagree with defendant's assertion that he should receive credit for October 13, 2008, against his sentence for retail theft as well as his maximum-commitment period. If defendant had been sentenced to consecutive prison terms, he would not have been eligible to receive credit against both sentences for October 13, 2008. See In re Detention of Gavin, 382 Ill.App.3d 946, 951, 321 Ill.Dec. 481, 889 N.E.2d 746, 749–50 (2008) (“Consecutive sentences are served back-to-back and one sentence does not begin until the previous sentence has ended.”); People v. Leeper, 317 Ill.App.3d 475, 485, 251 Ill.Dec. 202, 740 N.E.2d 32, 41 (2000) (defendant sentenced to consecutive prison terms cannot receive credit against each sentence for time served). Instead, defendant's consecutive sentence in this case would have begun on October 14, 2008. We, therefore, conclude his maximum-commitment period did not commence until October 14, 2008, making his Thiem date October 14, 2011.
¶ 22 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 23 For the foregoing reasons we affirm the trial court's judgment as modified, set defendant's Thiem date as October 14, 2011, and remand for issuance of an amended maximum-term determination judgment so reflecting.
¶ 24 Affirmed as modified; cause remanded with directions.