Opinion
30 KA 17-02231
07-16-2021
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Adrian HUDDLESTON, Defendant-Appellant.
FRANK H. HISCOCK LEGAL AID SOCIETY, SYRACUSE (PHILIP ROTHSCHILD OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (BRADLEY W. OASTLER OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
FRANK H. HISCOCK LEGAL AID SOCIETY, SYRACUSE (PHILIP ROTHSCHILD OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (BRADLEY W. OASTLER OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: CARNI, J.P., LINDLEY, CURRAN, TROUTMAN, AND BANNISTER, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him following a jury verdict of, inter alia, burglary in the first degree ( Penal Law § 140.30 [3] ) and assault in the second degree (§ 120.05 [2]), arising out of an incident in which he stabbed his wife (victim). We affirm.
Defendant contends that the evidence is not legally sufficient to support the conviction of burglary in the first degree because the People failed to establish that defendant entered or remained in the dwelling unlawfully. We reject that contention. There was ample evidence from which a jury could find beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant unlawfully entered the dwelling through a bedroom window (see People v. Reed , 22 N.Y.3d 530, 534, 983 N.Y.S.2d 752, 6 N.E.3d 1108 [2014], rearg denied 23 N.Y.3d 1009, 992 N.Y.S.2d 770, 16 N.E.3d 1249 [2014] ). Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of burglary in the first degree as charged to the jury (see People v. Danielson , 9 N.Y.3d 342, 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 [2007] ), we reject defendant's further contention that the verdict with respect to that count is against the weight of the evidence (see generally People v. Bleakley , 69 N.Y.2d 490, 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 [1987] ). Although the victim, testifying for the defense, stated that she invited defendant into the dwelling, the jury "was entitled to discredit the exculpatory testimony" and credit the contrary testimony of other eyewitnesses ( People v. Twillie , 155 A.D.3d 1686, 1687, 63 N.Y.S.3d 794 [4th Dept. 2017], lv denied 30 N.Y.3d 1120, 77 N.Y.S.3d 345, 101 N.E.3d 986 [2018] ; see People v. Robinson , 142 A.D.3d 1302, 1304, 38 N.Y.S.3d 312 [4th Dept. 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1126, 51 N.Y.S.3d 23, 73 N.E.3d 363 [2016] ; People v. Morrison , 48 A.D.3d 1044, 1045, 852 N.Y.S.2d 495 [4th Dept. 2008], lv denied 10 NY3d 867 [2008]).
Defendant also contends that the evidence is not legally sufficient to support the conviction of assault in the second degree because the People failed to establish that the victim sustained a physical injury. We reject that contention. Physical injury is defined as "impairment of physical condition or substantial pain" ( Penal Law § 10.00 [9] ). "Of course ‘substantial pain’ cannot be defined precisely, but it can be said that it is more than slight or trivial pain. Pain need not, however, be severe or intense to be substantial" ( People v. Chiddick , 8 N.Y.3d 445, 447, 834 N.Y.S.2d 710, 866 N.E.2d 1039 [2007] ). "Whether the ‘substantial pain’ necessary to establish an assault charge has been proved is generally a question for the trier of fact" ( People v. Rojas , 61 N.Y.2d 726, 727, 472 N.Y.S.2d 615, 460 N.E.2d 1100 [1984] ). Here, although the victim gave no testimony concerning the degree of pain she felt, the People presented the testimony of the victim's treating physician regarding the painful nature of the injuries. The People also presented photographic evidence depicting the stab wounds and the blood at the scene of the assault. Viewing that evidence in the light most favorable to the People, we conclude that there is a "valid line of reasoning and permissible inferences" to support the jury's conclusion that the victim experienced substantial pain ( People v. Williams , 84 N.Y.2d 925, 926, 620 N.Y.S.2d 811, 644 N.E.2d 1367 [1994] ). Additionally, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crime of assault in the second degree as charged to the jury (see Danielson , 9 N.Y.3d at 349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 ), we conclude that the verdict is not against the weight of the evidence with respect to physical injury (see generally Bleakley , 69 N.Y.2d at 495, 515 N.Y.S.2d 761, 508 N.E.2d 672 ). Although a different verdict would not have been unreasonable, it cannot be said that the jury "failed to give the evidence the weight it should be accorded" ( id. ).
We reject defendant's further contention that County Court erred in denying his Batson challenge with respect to the prosecutor's exercise of a peremptory strike on a prospective juror. The prosecutor explained that he challenged the prospective juror because, among other things, the prospective juror was not forthcoming about his mother's criminal history. Although defendant contends that the prospective juror was in fact forthcoming, "[t]he court was in the best position to evaluate the demeanor of the prospective juror, the prosecutor, and defense counsel" ( People v. Herrod , 174 A.D.3d 1322, 1324, 101 N.Y.S.3d 804 [4th Dept. 2019], lv denied 34 N.Y.3d 951, 110 N.Y.S.3d 649, 134 N.E.3d 648 [2019] ). "The court's determination whether a proffered race-neutral reason for striking a prospective juror is pretextual is accorded great deference on appeal" ( People v. Norman , 183 A.D.3d 1240, 1241, 123 N.Y.S.3d 360 [4th Dept. 2020], lv denied 35 N.Y.3d 1047, 127 N.Y.S.3d 855, 151 N.E.3d 537 [2020] ; see People v. Hecker , 15 N.Y.3d 625, 656, 917 N.Y.S.2d 39, 942 N.E.2d 248 [2010], cert denied 563 U.S. 947, 131 S.Ct. 2117, 179 L.Ed.2d 911 [2011] ), and we see no reason to disturb that determination here. Defendant failed to preserve for our review his remaining contentions that the prosecutor's explanations were pretextual (see People v. Cole , 179 A.D.3d 1505, 1506, 118 N.Y.S.3d 849 [4th Dept. 2020], lv denied 35 N.Y.3d 1026, 126 N.Y.S.3d 29, 149 N.E.3d 867 [2020] ; People v. Simmons , 119 A.D.3d 1343, 1343, 988 N.Y.S.2d 389 [4th Dept. 2014], lv denied 24 N.Y.3d 964, 996 N.Y.S.2d 224, 20 N.E.3d 1004 [2014], reconsideration denied 24 N.Y.3d 1088, 1 N.Y.S.3d 15, 25 N.E.3d 352 [2014] ; People v. Holloway , 71 A.D.3d 1486, 1486-1487, 897 N.Y.S.2d 373 [4th Dept. 2010], lv denied 15 N.Y.3d 774, 907 N.Y.S.2d 463, 933 N.E.2d 1056 [2010] ). In any event, those contentions lack merit.
Contrary to defendant's further contention, the court properly denied defendant's motion to dismiss the indictment on speedy trial grounds (see CPL 30.30 ). Although the People acquired new DNA evidence from the victim after they stated their readiness for trial, the People could have proceeded to trial without the DNA evidence by presenting the physical evidence and the testimony of eyewitnesses, and thus we conclude that the People's statement of readiness was not illusory (see People v. Hewitt , 144 A.D.3d 1607, 1607-1608, 41 N.Y.S.3d 620 [4th Dept. 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1185, 52 N.Y.S.3d 711, 75 N.E.3d 103 [2017] ; People v. Watkins , 17 A.D.3d 1083, 1083, 793 N.Y.S.2d 657 [4th Dept. 2005], lv denied 5 NY3d 771 [2005]).
Finally, the sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.