Opinion
2013-08-7
The PEOPLE, etc., respondent, v. Leroy HOWARD, appellant.
Christine Moccia, Chappaqua, N.Y., for appellant. Janet DiFiore, District Attorney, White Plains, N.Y. (Lisa M. Denig and Richard Longworth Hecht of counsel), for respondent.
Christine Moccia, Chappaqua, N.Y., for appellant. Janet DiFiore, District Attorney, White Plains, N.Y. (Lisa M. Denig and Richard Longworth Hecht of counsel), for respondent.
MARK C. DILLON, J.P., L. PRISCILLA HALL, SHERI S. ROMAN, and JEFFREY A. COHEN, JJ.
Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the County Court, Westchester County (Hubert, J.), rendered February 10, 2011, convicting him of reckless endangerment in the first degree and assault in the second degree, upon his plea of guilty, and imposing sentence.
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed.
The decision to permit a defendant to withdraw a previously entered plea of guilty rests within the sound discretion of the court and generally will not be disturbed absent an improvident exercise of discretion ( seeCPL 220.60[3]; People v. Seeber, 4 N.Y.3d 780, 793 N.Y.S.2d 826, 826 N.E.2d 797; People v. Caruso, 88 A.D.3d 809, 930 N.Y.S.2d 668;People v. Duncan, 78 A.D.3d 1193, 912 N.Y.S.2d 283). “When a defendant moves to withdraw a guilty plea, the nature and extent of the fact-finding inquiry ‘rest[s] largely in the discretion of the Judge to whom the motion is made’ and a hearing will be granted only in rare instances” ( People v. Brown, 14 N.Y.3d 113, 116, 897 N.Y.S.2d 674, 924 N.E.2d 782, quoting People v. Tinsley, 35 N.Y.2d 926, 927, 365 N.Y.S.2d 161, 324 N.E.2d 544;see People v. Dazzo, 92 A.D.3d 796, 938 N.Y.S.2d 446;People v. Caruso, 88 A.D.3d at 809, 930 N.Y.S.2d 668).
Here, the record supports the County Court's determination that the defendant's plea was entered knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently ( see People v. Harris, 61 N.Y.2d 9, 16, 471 N.Y.S.2d 61, 459 N.E.2d 170; People v. Nixon, 21 N.Y.2d 338, 353, 287 N.Y.S.2d 659, 234 N.E.2d 687,cert. denied sub nom. Robinson v. New York, 393 U.S. 1067, 89 S.Ct. 721, 21 L.Ed.2d 709). The defendant's claim that his plea of guilty was coerced as a result of the alleged ineffectiveness of his trial counsel is belied by the defendant's statements during the plea proceedings, in which he acknowledged under oath that he was satisfied with his counsel's representation, that he had not been coerced into pleading guilty, and that he was entering the plea freely and voluntarily ( see People v. Perez, 51 A.D.3d 1043, 861 N.Y.S.2d 63;People v. Gedin, 46 A.D.3d 701, 847 N.Y.S.2d 231).
The defendant's contention that he was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel is based, in part, on matter appearing on the record and, in part, on matter outside the record and, thus, constitutes a “ ‘mixed claim [ ]’ ” of ineffective assistance ( People v. Maxwell, 89 A.D.3d 1108, 1109, 933 N.Y.S.2d 386,People v. Evans, 16 N.Y.3d 571, 575 n. 2, 925 N.Y.S.2d 366, 949 N.E.2d 457,cert. denied––– U.S. ––––, 132 S.Ct. 325, 181 L.Ed.2d 201). In this case, it is not evident from the matter appearing on the record that the defendant was deprived of the effective assistance of counsel ( cf. People v. Crump, 53 N.Y.2d 824, 440 N.Y.S.2d 170, 422 N.E.2d 815;People v. Brown, 45 N.Y.2d 852, 410 N.Y.S.2d 287, 382 N.E.2d 1149). Since the defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel cannot be resolved without reference to matter outside the record, a CPL 440.10 proceeding is the appropriate forum for reviewing the claim in its entirety ( see People v. Freeman, 93 A.D.3d 805, 806, 940 N.Y.S.2d 314;People v. Maxwell, 89 A.D.3d at 1109, 933 N.Y.S.2d 386;People v. Rohlehr, 87 A.D.3d 603, 604, 927 N.Y.S.2d 919).
The defendant's contentions that he pleaded guilty under duress resulting from his desire to remain at liberty on bail so he could be with a sick family member, and that the County Court erred in denying his request for substitution of counsel without first holding a hearing, are raised for the first time in his reply brief and, thus, are not properly before this Court ( see People v. Marino, 13 A.D.3d 556, 556–557, 787 N.Y.S.2d 100).