Opinion
2015-03-27
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Garth HILL, Defendant–Appellant.
Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Piotr Banasiak of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Romana A. Lavalas of Counsel), for Respondent.
Frank H. Hiscock Legal Aid Society, Syracuse (Piotr Banasiak of Counsel), for Defendant–Appellant. William J. Fitzpatrick, District Attorney, Syracuse (Romana A. Lavalas of Counsel), for Respondent.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., VALENTINO, WHALEN, AND DeJOSEPH, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
On appeal from a judgment convicting him upon his plea of guilty of burglary in the third degree (Penal Law § 140.20) and sexual abuse in the first degree (§ 130.65[1] ), defendant contends that County Court erred in denying his motion to suppress identification testimony on the ground that the lineup procedure was conducted after the two victims viewed photo arrays containing defendant's picture. We reject that contention. “It is well settled that ‘[m]ultiple pretrial identification procedures are not inherently suggestive’ ” (People v. Morgan, 96 A.D.3d 1418, 1419, 946 N.Y.S.2d 358, lv. denied20 N.Y.3d 987, 958 N.Y.S.2d 702, 982 N.E.2d 622), and here “the record supports the court's determination that the photo array[s] and subsequent lineup were not so suggestive as to create the substantial likelihood that defendant would be misidentified” (People v. Peterkin, 81 A.D.3d 1358, 1359, 921 N.Y.S.2d 744, lv. denied17 N.Y.3d 799, 929 N.Y.S.2d 107, 952 N.E.2d 1102 [internal quotation marks omitted] ). Contrary to defendant's further contention, the People established the reasonableness of the lineup identification procedure, and defendant failed to meet his ultimate burden of establishing that the lineup was unduly suggestive ( see People v. Snell, 118 A.D.3d 1350, 1350, 986 N.Y.S.2d 902, lv. denied24 N.Y.3d 965, 996 N.Y.S.2d 224, 20 N.E.3d 1004). Although defendant was taller than two of the fillers used in the lineup, “ ‘the alleged variations in appearance between the fillers and the defendant were not so substantial as to render the lineup impermissibly suggestive’ ” (People v. Davis, 115 A.D.3d 1167, 1170, 982 N.Y.S.2d 230, lv. denied23 N.Y.3d 1019, 992 N.Y.S.2d 802, 16 N.E.3d 1282; see People v. Chipp, 75 N.Y.2d 327, 336, 553 N.Y.S.2d 72, 552 N.E.2d 608, cert. denied498 U.S. 833, 111 S.Ct. 99, 112 L.Ed.2d 70; People v. Freeney, 291 A.D.2d 913, 913, 737 N.Y.S.2d 751, lv. denied98 N.Y.2d 637, 744 N.Y.S.2d 766, 771 N.E.2d 839).
Defendant contends that the court erred in refusing to suppress his statements to the police because he was under the influence of a controlled substance when he waived his Miranda rights, and thus his waiver was invalid. We reject that contention, inasmuch as there is no evidence that defendant “ ‘was intoxicated to the degree of mania, or of being unable to understand the meaning of his statements' ” ( People v. Schompert, 19 N.Y.2d 300, 305, 279 N.Y.S.2d 515, 226 N.E.2d 305, cert. denied389 U.S. 874, 88 S.Ct. 164, 19 L.Ed.2d 157; see People v. Peterkin, 89 A.D.3d 1455, 1455, 932 N.Y.S.2d 639, lv. denied18 N.Y.3d 885, 939 N.Y.S.2d 755, 963 N.E.2d 132). Finally, defendant failed to preserve for our review his challenge to the voluntariness of his plea inasmuch as he failed to move to withdraw the plea or to vacate the judgment of conviction ( see People v. Kuras, 49 A.D.3d 1196, 1197, 852 N.Y.S.2d 907, lv. denied10 N.Y.3d 866, 860 N.Y.S.2d 492, 890 N.E.2d 255; People v. DeJesus, 248 A.D.2d 1023, 1023, 670 N.Y.S.2d 140, lv. denied92 N.Y.2d 878, 678 N.Y.S.2d 26, 700 N.E.2d 564). Contrary to defendant's contention, this case does not fall within the rare exception to the preservation requirement set forth in People v. Lopez (71 N.Y.2d 662, 666, 529 N.Y.S.2d 465, 525 N.E.2d 5).
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.