Opinion
02-28-2017
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Ramon HENRIQUEZ, Defendant–Appellant.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Brittany N. Francis of counsel), for appellant. Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Andrew E. Seewald of counsel), for respondent.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Brittany N. Francis of counsel), for appellant.
Cyrus R. Vance, Jr., District Attorney, New York (Andrew E. Seewald of counsel), for respondent.
ANDRIAS, J.P., FEINMAN, GISCHE, GESMER, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, New York County (Michael J. Obus, J.), rendered September 8, 2014, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of attempted assault in the first degree, assault in the second degree, and criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, and sentencing him, as a second violent felony offender, to an aggregate term of 13 years, unanimously affirmed.
The court providently exercised its discretion when it denied defendant's request for missing witness charges concerning three eyewitnesses to the stabbing. The People sufficiently established that the victim's half brother, who was present at the stabbing but whose contacts with the victim were very limited, was unavailable (see People v. Savinon, 100 N.Y.2d 192, 761 N.Y.S.2d 144, 791 N.E.2d 401 [2003] ). His whereabouts were unknown by the time of trial, and the People, despite diligent efforts, including attempts to serve him with a subpoena at his last known address, could not locate him, and could not procure his attendance. Thus, the record establishes that the People did not "merely go through the motions of asking the witness to testify," with the "ulterior goal of keeping the witness off the stand" (id. at 200, 761 N.Y.S.2d 144, 791 N.E.2d 401 ; see People v. Brooks, 62 A.D.3d 511, 511, 878 N.Y.S.2d 730 [1st Dept.], lv. denied 12 N.Y.3d 923, 884 N.Y.S.2d 704, 912 N.E.2d 1085 [2009] ). Regarding the two other eyewitnesses, defendant failed to establish that they were in the People's control for purposes of a missing witness charge, regardless of whether they were available. Even if they were friends of the victim's half brother, there was no evidence that they were friends of the victim; on the contrary, there was evidence that they were neighbors and friends of defendant.
Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claims are unreviewable on direct appeal because they involve matters of strategy not reflected in, or fully explained by, the record (see People v. Rivera, 71 N.Y.2d 705, 709, 530 N.Y.S.2d 52, 525 N.E.2d 698 [1988] ; People v. Love, 57 N.Y.2d 998, 457 N.Y.S.2d 238, 443 N.E.2d 486 [1982] ). Accordingly, since defendant has not made a CPL 440.10 motion, the merits of the ineffectiveness claims may not be addressed on appeal. In the alternative, to the extent the existing record permits review, we find that defendant received effective assistance (see People v. Benevento, 91 N.Y.2d 708, 713–714, 674 N.Y.S.2d 629, 697 N.E.2d 584 [1998] ; Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 [1984] ). Defendant has not shown that any of counsel's alleged deficiencies with regard to a prior consistent statement by the victim and related matters fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, or that, viewed individually or collectively, they deprived defendant of a fair trial or affected the outcome of the case (see People v. Gross, 26 N.Y.3d 689, 694, 27 N.Y.S.3d 459, 47 N.E.3d 738 [2016] ; see also People v. Ludwig, 24 N.Y.3d 221, 230, 997 N.Y.S.2d 351, 21 N.E.3d 1012 [2014] ).The court properly denied defendant's request for new counsel, made just before trial, and renewed just after trial was under way (see People v. Arroyave, 49 N.Y.2d 264, 270–72, 425 N.Y.S.2d 282, 401 N.E.2d 393 [1980] ). The court conducted an adequate inquiry into defendant's request (see People v. Sides, 75 N.Y.2d 822, 824, 552 N.Y.S.2d 555, 551 N.E.2d 1233 [1990] ; see also People v. Linares, 2 N.Y.3d 507, 510, 780 N.Y.S.2d 529, 813 N.E.2d 609 [2004] ). The record does not demonstrate any serious dispute between defendant and his retained counsel, other than an issue about payment of fees, which was satisfactorily resolved (see People v. Kolon, 37 A.D.3d 340, 341, 830 N.Y.S.2d 539 [1st Dept.], lv. denied 8 N.Y.3d 947, 836 N.Y.S.2d 557, 868 N.E.2d 240 [2007] ), and defendant's claim of a conflict is unavailing.
We perceive no basis for reducing the sentence.