That is, "[t]he test for harmless error is whether it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained." People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 112 (quoting Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 15, 119 S. Ct. 1827, 144 L. Ed. 2d 35 (1999)) (internal quotation marks omitted). A harmless error inquiry typically involves analysis of numerous factors, including: (1) the overall strength of the prosecution's case; (2) the prosecutor's conduct with respect to the improperly admitted evidence; (3) the importance of the wrongly admitted evidence; and (4) whether such evidence was cumulative of other properly admitted evidence.
We have, on multiple occasions, applied this principle in refusing to address superfluous issues where a case has been reversed and remanded for further proceedings on other grounds. See Gutierrez v. Guam Power Auth., 2013 Guam 1 ¶ 64 (citing Cepeda v. Gov't of Guam, 2005 Guam 11 ¶ 51); People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 85. This court has already determined above, see section IV.A.1, that Rekha did not present sufficient evidence to state a prima facie case for summary judgment.
A trial court's denial of a statutory speedy trial claim is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 9. We also review the trial court's admission of prior bad acts under GRE 404(b) for abuse of discretion.
Whether a Brady violation warrants a new trial is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 59 (quoting State v. Wilson, 200 P.3d 1283, 1292 (Kan. Ct. App. 2008)).
"[T]he test for harmless error is whether it appears beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of did not contribute to the verdict obtained." People v. Roten, 2012 Guam 3 ¶ 41 (quoting People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 112) (internal quotation marks omitted). We find that the improper vouching was harmless error.
Rather, good cause is defined through case law and determined by the facts and circumstances of each case. People v. Nicholson, 2007 Guam 9 ¶ 13; People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 32. We have not previously defined good cause in the prompt arraignment context and it is difficult to find truly applicable cases from other jurisdictions because as this court has said, § 60.10 is of unknown origin.
The trial court's denial of a defendant's motion for a new trial is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 9. We review de novo the issue of whether to set aside a conviction based on an inconsistent verdict.
An alleged violation of the Sixth Amendment is reviewed de novo. United States v. Yazzie, 743 F.3d 1278, 1288 (9th Cir. 2014), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 227, 190 L. Ed. 2d 172 (2014) (citing United States v. Ivester, 316 F.3d 955, 958 (9th Cir. 2003)); see also People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 P 9 (citing People v. Mendiola, 1999 Guam 8 P 22) (reviewing a Sixth Amendment speedy trial claim de novo). IV. ANALYSIS
If a defendant preserves his claim by moving for acquittal, the standard of review is de novo. Id. (citing United States v. Carranza, 289 F.3d 634, 641 (9th Cir. 2002)); see also People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 10 ("[C]laims of insufficient evidence are matters of law that are reviewed de novo."). McKinney moved for Judgment for Acquittal at the close of evidence.
Claims of insufficient evidence are matters of law reviewed de novo. People v. Flores, 2009 Guam 22 ¶ 10 (citing People v. Maysho, 2005 Guam 4 ¶ 6; United States v. Shipsey, 363 F.3d 962, 971 n.8 (9th Cir. 2004)). "In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal conviction, this court inquires as to whether the evidence in the record could reasonably support a finding of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt."