Opinion
2020-844 N CR
04-28-2022
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Luis Guzman ENCARNCION, Appellant.
Andrew E. MacAskill, for appellant. Nassau County District Attorney (Andrea M. DiGregorio and Benjamin Kussman of counsel), for respondent.
Andrew E. MacAskill, for appellant.
Nassau County District Attorney (Andrea M. DiGregorio and Benjamin Kussman of counsel), for respondent.
PRESENT: TIMOTHY S. DRISCOLL, J.P., HELEN VOUTSINAS, BARRY E. WARHIT, JJ.
ORDERED that the judgment of conviction, insofar as appealed from, is affirmed.
Insofar as is relevant to this appeal, defendant pleaded guilty to aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle in the second degree ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 511 [2] ) and unlawful fleeing a police officer in a motor vehicle in the third degree ( Penal Law § 270.25 ) in satisfaction of a misdemeanor complaint, and sentence was imposed. As limited by his brief, defendant contends that so much of the accusatory instrument as charged him with unlawful fleeing a police officer in a motor vehicle in the third degree is facially insufficient.
Since defendant waived his right to be prosecuted by information, the facial sufficiency of the accusatory instrument must be evaluated under the standards governing misdemeanor complaints (see People v Dumay , 23 NY3d 518, 524 [2014] ; People v Kalin , 12 NY3d 225, 228 [2009] ). In order to be facially sufficient, the allegations in the factual portion of a misdemeanor complaint, together with any accompanying supporting depositions, must allege "facts of an evidentiary character supporting or tending to support the charges" ( CPL 100.15 [3] ), and must establish "reasonable cause" to believe that the defendant committed the offense charged ( CPL 100.40 [4] [b] ; see People v Guaman , 22 NY3d 678 [2014] ; People v Suber , 19 NY3d 247 [2012] ; Kalin , 12 NY3d at 228 ), which is a much lower standard than that applicable to informations (see Suber , 19 NY3d at 251 ; Matter of Jahron S. , 79 NY2d 632, 640 [1992] ). A misdemeanor complaint is adequate so long as it provides the defendant "with sufficient notice of the charged crime to satisfy the demands of due process and double jeopardy" ( People v Dreyden , 15 NY3d 100, 103 [2010] ; see People v Aragon , 28 NY3d 125, 128 [2016] ; Dumay , 23 NY3d at 524 ).
An accusatory instrument charging unlawful fleeing a police officer in a motor vehicle in the third degree must allege, insofar as is relevant, that defendant, "knowing that he ... has been directed to stop his ... motor vehicle by a uniformed police officer or a marked police vehicle by the activation of either the lights or the lights and siren of such vehicle ... attempt[ed] to flee such officer or such vehicle, by ... engaging in reckless driving as defined [in Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1212 ]" ( Penal Law § 270.25 ). Reckless driving shall mean driving or using any motor vehicle ... in a manner which unreasonably interferes with the free and proper use of the public highway, or unreasonably endangers users of the public highway" ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1212 ).
Here, the accusatory instrument alleges that, at about 4:09 a.m., the deponent police officer was in uniform when he saw defendant's vehicle stopped in a traffic lane on Jerusalem Avenue in Uniondale, and that the vehicle's headlights were not on. The officer then activated the lights on his marked police vehicle after which defendant fled the scene. The officer canvassed the area and discovered that defendant's vehicle had crashed into a parked car. The foregoing allegations, given "a reasonable, not overly technical reading" ( Aragon , 28 NY3d at 128 [internal quotation marks omitted]), set forth that defendant had been directed to stop his vehicle by the activation of lights on the marked police vehicle and that defendant fled the scene and engaged in reckless driving. The allegations that defendant drove his vehicle at 4:09 a.m. without headlights, along with the ensuing car accident, demonstrate that defendant "unreasonably endanger[ed] users of the public highway" ( Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1212 ; see Penal Law § 275.20 ). Consequently, we find that the challenged portion of the accusatory instrument is facially sufficient.
Accordingly, the judgment of conviction, insofar as appealed from, is affirmed.
DRISCOLL, J.P., VOUTSINAS and WARHIT, JJ., concur.