Opinion
April 21, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Bronx County (Steven Barrett, J.).
The court properly admitted testimony regarding photographic identifications made by the surviving victim since defendants opened the door to such testimony despite specific forewarning by the court. Both defendants created an unfair misimpression that the victim's Grand Jury testimony, in which she identified defendants by name, was a police-orchestrated fabrication. Support for this theory included the facts that the victim did not know defendants and did not see them subsequent to the crime until a lineup conducted after the Grand Jury presentation. Under all the circumstances, the court properly exercised its discretion by permitting the People to elicit the victim's photo identification of defendants made before the Grand Jury presentation, in order to dispel the defense-created impression that her Grand Jury testimony was fraudulent (compare, People v. Mahone, 206 A.D.2d 263, lv denied 84 N.Y.2d 869, with People v. Cuiman, 229 A.D.2d 280, lv denied 90 N.Y.2d 903). In any event, in light of the overwhelming evidence of each defendant's guilt, any of the claimed errors regarding identification evidence would be harmless ( see, People v. Johnson, 32 N.Y.2d 814).
The court properly exercised its discretion by receiving the photographs and videotape of the crime scene in evidence since this evidence demonstrated defendants' intent to kill the victims, the extent of the victims' injuries, the position of the bodies, and the means used to carry out the crimes, and served to corroborate and illustrate both the testimony of the surviving victim and the confessions of each defendant ( see, People v. Wood, 79 N.Y.2d 958; People v. Pobliner, 32 N.Y.2d 356, cert denied 416 U.S. 905). We also note that some of the photographs were redacted to eliminate the more gruesome aspects. Defendant Cruz failed to preserve his contention that the portion of the videotape that focused on framed family pictures of the victims should have been redacted, and we decline to review it in the interest of justice. Were we to review this claim, we would find that failure to redact this material was harmless error ( see, People v. Winchell, 98 A.D.2d 838, 840, aff'd 64 N.Y.2d 826).
The challenged portions of the prosecutor's summation did not deprive either defendant of a fair trial. Although some of the comments were better left unsaid, the challenged comments were generally based on the evidence and responsive to the defense summations ( see, People v. Overlee, 236 A.D.2d 133), there was no pattern of inflammatory remarks or egregious conduct by the prosecutor ( see, People v. D'Alessandro, 184 A.D.2d 114, 118-119, lv denied 81 N.Y.2d 884), and the court provided appropriate limiting and final instructions to the jury, eliminating any possible prejudice.
Since defendant Cruz's severance motion and objections to the redacted version of his confession did not raise the grounds asserted on appeal, he has failed to preserve his contention that the redactions designed to excise references to defendant Ortiz unfairly eliminated certain portions now claimed by Cruz to be exculpatory as to Cruz's mental culpability, and we decline to review this claim in the interest of justice. Were we to review it, we would find that the redactions resulted in no prejudice, in light of the cumulative nature of the purportedly exculpatory or mitigating portions and the nature of the issues developed at trial ( compare, People v. La Belle, 18 N.Y.2d 405). We perceive no abuse of sentencing discretion as to either defendant.
We have reviewed each defendant's remaining contentions and find them to be without merit.
Concur — Sullivan, J.P., Milonas, Williams, Mazzarelli and Saxe, JJ.