Opinion
6746 Ind. 3191/13
05-31-2018
The PEOPLE of the State of New York Respondent, v. Tyrell COOK, Defendant–Appellant.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Claudia Trupp of counsel), for appellant. Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (Shera Knight of counsel), for respondent.
Robert S. Dean, Center for Appellate Litigation, New York (Claudia Trupp of counsel), for appellant.
Darcel D. Clark, District Attorney, Bronx (Shera Knight of counsel), for respondent.
Sweeny, J.P., Richter, Andrias, Kahn, Moulton, JJ.
Judgment, Supreme Court, Bronx County (Joseph Dawson, J.), rendered September 24, 2015, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of attempted robbery in the first degree and assault in the second degree, and sentencing him, as a second felony offender, to an aggregate term of six years, unanimously affirmed.
The court providently exercised its discretion in reopening a suppression hearing, before rendering a decision, in order to permit the People to call an officer with additional information tending to establish reasonable suspicion for defendant's detention (see People v. Gnesin, 127 A.D.3d 652, 7 N.Y.S.3d 138 [1st Dept. 2015], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 948, 54 N.Y.S.3d 379, 76 N.E.3d 1082 [2015], lv denied 25 N.Y.3d 1164, 15 N.Y.S.3d 296, 36 N.E.3d 99 [2015] ; People v. McCorkle, 111 A.D.3d 557, 977 N.Y.S.2d 2 [1st Dept. 2013], lv denied 24 N.Y.3d 963, 996 N.Y.S.2d 222, 20 N.E.3d 1002 [2014] ; see also People v. Lee, 143 A.D.3d 643, 40 N.Y.S.3d 90 [1st Dept. 2016] ). The court had not made any ruling, and the circumstances did not pose a risk of tailored testimony.
The court properly denied defendant's suppression motion. Although the People did not meet their burden of going forward during the initial hearing, on the reopened hearing they sufficiently demonstrated reasonable suspicion to justify defendant's detention. The victim's description of his assailant was too general to provide reasonable suspicion by itself. However, it did so when combined with the very close spatial proximity between the crime and the detention, the fact that defendant was found in a subway station that was a likely escape route, that defendant reasonably appeared to be hiding because he was sitting on the platform behind a barrier, and that defendant was the only person who met the description in this nearly empty station at around midnight (see People v. Brujan, 104 A.D.3d 481, 960 N.Y.S.2d 421 [1st Dept. 2013], lv denied 21 N.Y.3d 1014, 971 N.Y.S.2d 496, 994 N.E.2d 392 [2013] ; People v. William, 81 A.D.3d 453, 916 N.Y.S.2d 84 [1st Dept. 2011], affd 19 N.Y.3d 891, 948 N.Y.S.2d 578, 971 N.E.2d 859 [2012] ). There was a satisfactory explanation of a discrepancy between the victim's description of a garment his attacker was wearing and the garment defendant wore.
The verdict was based on legally sufficient evidence and was not against the weight of the evidence (see People v. Danielson, 9 N.Y.3d 342, 348–349, 849 N.Y.S.2d 480, 880 N.E.2d 1 [2007] ). There is no basis for disturbing the jury's determinations concerning identification and credibility. The physical injury element of the assault conviction was established by evidence supporting an inference that the victim's injury resulted in substantial pain (see generally People v. Chiddick, 8 N.Y.3d 445, 447–448, 834 N.Y.S.2d 710, 866 N.E.2d 1039 [2007).
The court correctly denied the portion of defendant's CPL 330,.30 motion to set aside the verdict that alleged misconduct by a juror. The issues raised in defendant's motion were referred to during defendant's cross-examination of a police witness, and did not involve specialized training or expertise (see People v. Arnold, 96 N.Y.2d 358, 364–368, 729 N.Y.S.2d 51, 753 N.E.2d 846 [2001] ; People v. Maragh, 94 N.Y.2d 569, 573–574, 708 N.Y.S.2d 44, 729 N.E.2d 701 [2000] ).
The court also correctly denied the part of the motion alleging that certain questions by the prosecutor improperly shifted the burden of proof. Defendant failed to preserve this claim, because he did not request any further relief after the court sustained objections to these questions and gave curative instructions (see People v. Santiago, 52 N.Y.2d 865, 437 N.Y.S.2d 75, 418 N.E.2d 668 [1981] ; see also People v. Whalen, 59 N.Y.2d 273, 280, 464 N.Y.S.2d 454, 451 N.E.2d 212 [1983] ). An unpreserved trial error is not cognizable under CPL 330.30(1), which is limited to matters of law. Although this Court may review unpreserved claims in the interest of justice, we decline to do so here. As an alternative holding, we find that the line of questioning was not so pervasive and flagrant as to warrant a new trial (see e. g. People v. Whaley, 70 A.D.3d 570, 571, 895 N.Y.S.2d 78 [1st Dept. 2010], lv denied 14 N.Y.3d 894, 903 N.Y.S.2d 782, 929 N.E.2d 1017 [2010] ).
Defendant's challenge to the court's identification charge is also unpreserved, and we decline to review it in the interest of justice. As an alternative holding, we reject it on the merits (see People v. Vaughn, 132 A.D.3d 456, 17 N.Y.S.3d 420 [1st Dept. 2015], lv denied 26 N.Y.3d 1151, 32 N.Y.S.3d 65, 51 N.E.3d 576 [2016] ).
We perceive no basis for reducing the sentence.