(1989), 493 U.S. 979 107 L.Ed.2d 509, 110 S.Ct. 507; United States v. Gilliard (1st Cir. 1988), 847 F.2d 21, 25, cert. denied (1989), 488 U.S. 1033, 102 L.Ed.2d 978, 109 S. Ct. 846; United States v. Trullo (1st Cir. 1987), 809 F.2d 108, cert. denied (1987), 482 U.S. 916, 96 L.Ed. 2d 679, 107 S.Ct. 3191; United States v. Pajari (8th Cir. 1983), 715 F.2d 1378; United States v. Post (9th Cir. 1979), 607 F.2d 847, 851; United States v. Oates (2d Cir. 1977), 560 F.2d 45, 62; United States v. Santana (2d Cir. 1973), 485 F.2d 365, 368, cert. denied (1974), 415 U.S. 931, 39 L.Ed.2d 490, 94 S.Ct. 1444; United States v. Mitchell (N.D. Miss. 1993), 832 F. Supp. 1073, 1074-75; People v. Limon (1993), 17 Cal.App.4th 524, 535, 21 Cal.Rptr.2d 397, 402; People v. Lee (1987), 194 Cal.App.3d 975, 977, 240 Cal.Rptr. 32, 36; State v. Butler (1992), 331 N.C. 227, 232-33, 415 S.E.2d 719, 722; State v. Valentine (1994), 134 N.J. 536, 554, 636 A.2d 505, 514; State v. Cobbs (1985), 103 N.M. 623, 711 P.2d 900; People v. Perolta-Rua (1992), 579 N.Y.S.2d 283, 285, 179 A.D.2d 1051, 1053; State v. Woodruff (Ohio Ct. App. July 15, 1992), No. 2874; State v. Debrill (Ohio Ct. App. December 3, 1992), No. 13270; State v. Guy (1992), 172 Wis.2d 86, 97-98, 492 N.W.2d 311, 315-16, cert. denied (1993), 509 U.S. 914, 125 L.Ed.2d 709, 113 S.Ct. 3020; State v. Schladweiler (Wis. Ct. App. December 28, 1994), No. 94-2142-CR; State v. Richardson (1990), 156 Wis.2d 128, 143, 456 N.W.2d 830, 836. But see United States v. Bellamy (D.C. Ct. App. 1993), 619 A.2d 515, 522; Harris v. State (Tex. Ct. App. 1992), 827 S.W.2d 49, 51; State v. White (Utah Ct. App. 1993), 856 P.2d 656, 662.