Opinion
643 KA 22-01603
09-29-2023
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Anthony J. CARUSO, Jr., Defendant-Appellant.
LAW OFFICE OF JAMES L. RIOTTO, II, ROCHESTER (WILLIAM M. SWIFT OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. JAMES B. RITTS, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, CANANDAIGUA (JEFFERY R. FRIESEN OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
LAW OFFICE OF JAMES L. RIOTTO, II, ROCHESTER (WILLIAM M. SWIFT OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
JAMES B. RITTS, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, CANANDAIGUA (JEFFERY R. FRIESEN OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., BANNISTER, OGDEN, GREENWOOD, AND NOWAK, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him, upon a jury verdict, of strangulation in the second degree ( Penal Law § 121.12 ), arising from an incident of escalating aggression directed at the victim after defendant arrived at the victim's home, at her invitation, following their meeting for the first time at a bar earlier in the day. We affirm.
Defendant contends that he was denied his due process rights to a fair trial and to present a defense because the People violated their obligations under Brady v. Maryland , 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963) and CPL article 245 by failing to timely disclose that the victim had provided defendant with cocaine at her home. We reject that contention.
Contrary to defendant's assertion, we conclude that the information that the victim provided defendant with cocaine at her home was not suppressed by the prosecution and, consequently, there was no Brady violation with respect thereto. "Evidence is not suppressed where the defendant ‘knew of, or should reasonably have known of, the evidence and its exculpatory [or impeaching] nature’ " ( People v. LaValle , 3 N.Y.3d 88, 110, 783 N.Y.S.2d 485, 817 N.E.2d 341 [2004], quoting People v. Doshi , 93 N.Y.2d 499, 506, 693 N.Y.S.2d 87, 715 N.E.2d 113 [1999] ). Here, defendant "knew or should have known that he [had been provided with] drugs" by the victim ( LaValle , 3 N.Y.3d at 110, 783 N.Y.S.2d 485, 817 N.E.2d 341 ). In any event, even assuming, arguendo, that the People were required to disclose that information, we conclude that defendant was not prejudiced by any delay in disclosure because the record establishes that he was "given a meaningful opportunity to use the allegedly exculpatory [or impeaching] material to cross-examine the People's witnesses or as evidence during his case" ( People v. Cortijo , 70 N.Y.2d 868, 870, 523 N.Y.S.2d 463, 517 N.E.2d 1349 [1987] ; see People v. Thomas , 158 A.D.3d 1135, 1135, 70 N.Y.S.3d 695 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 31 N.Y.3d 1088, 79 N.Y.S.3d 110, 103 N.E.3d 1257 [2018] ; People v. Dillon , 34 A.D.3d 1230, 1230, 823 N.Y.S.2d 801 [4th Dept. 2006], lv denied 8 N.Y.3d 879, 832 N.Y.S.2d 492, 864 N.E.2d 622 [2007] ). There is "no reasonable possibility that the outcome of the trial would have differed had the [information] been [disclosed sooner]" ( People v. Scott , 88 N.Y.2d 888, 891, 644 N.Y.S.2d 913, 667 N.E.2d 923 [1996] ; see Thomas , 158 A.D.3d at 1135-1136, 70 N.Y.S.3d 695 ).
Similarly, even assuming, arguendo, that the People did not "expeditiously notify" defendant when, subsequent to the service and filing of their original and supplemental certificates of compliance, they learned from the victim that she had provided defendant with cocaine ( CPL 245.60 ; see CPL 245.20 [1] [k] ), we conclude that County Court did not err in refusing to impose a remedy or sanction because defendant failed to show that he was prejudiced by the belated disclosure (see CPL 245.80 [1] [former (a)]). In addition, we note that defendant had reasonable time to prepare and respond to the ostensibly new information (see id. ).
We also reject defendant's related contention that the court erred in denying his motion seeking a mistrial or, alternatively, to strike the testimony of the victim when the prosecutor, after jury deliberations began, corrected her earlier misstatement to the court about when the People became aware that the victim had provided defendant with cocaine. Contrary to defendant's contention, there is no indication in the record that the prosecutor intentionally misled the court with her initial statement inasmuch as the prosecutor, at that time, merely did not accurately recall the date of the subject pretrial conversation with the victim or whether the victim had disclosed that she had provided the cocaine, nor does the record establish that defendant suffered any prejudice given that the prosecutor simply corrected her earlier misstatement to reflect that the People had been aware of the victim's conduct one day earlier than initially reported (see People v. Garner , 145 A.D.3d 1573, 1574, 43 N.Y.S.3d 838 [4th Dept. 2016], lv denied 29 N.Y.3d 1031, 62 N.Y.S.3d 300, 84 N.E.3d 972 [2017] ; People v. Smith , 28 A.D.3d 204, 205, 812 N.Y.S.2d 512 [1st Dept. 2006], lv denied 7 N.Y.3d 763, 819 N.Y.S.2d 889, 853 N.E.2d 260 [2006] ; see generally People v. Nelson , 144 A.D.2d 714, 716, 535 N.Y.S.2d 132 [3d Dept. 1988], lv denied 73 N.Y.2d 894, 538 N.Y.S.2d 806, 535 N.E.2d 1346 [1989] ).
Defendant further contends that the People violated their obligations under Brady and CPL 245.20 (1) (l) by failing to timely disclose their ostensible implied promise not to prosecute the victim for providing defendant with cocaine. We conclude that defendant's contention lacks merit inasmuch as the record establishes that "there was no agreement with [the victim]—tacit or otherwise" ( People v. Giuca , 33 N.Y.3d 462, 474, 104 N.Y.S.3d 577, 128 N.E.3d 655 [2019] ).
Next, defendant contends that the People violated their obligation under Brady by failing to provide him with the victim's purported mental health records. We reject that contention. The record establishes that "[t]he People provided defendant with all materials in their possession that indicated that the victim had received psychiatric treatment [and been prescribed medications]" and, "[b]ecause the People did not possess the [purported] psychiatric records requested by defendant, their failure to produce them is not a Brady violation" ( People v. Sealey , 239 A.D.2d 864, 865, 659 N.Y.S.2d 639 [4th Dept. 1997], lv denied 90 N.Y.2d 910, 663 N.Y.S.2d 522, 686 N.E.2d 234 [1997] ; see People v. Sims , 167 A.D.2d 952, 952, 563 N.Y.S.2d 701 [4th Dept. 1990] ). Defendant's related contentions that the People were obligated to ascertain the existence of any mental health records and disclose them pursuant to CPL 245.20 (1) (k) and (2) were specifically raised for the first time in his posttrial CPL 330.30 motion, and therefore those contentions are not preserved for our review (see generally People v. Padro , 75 N.Y.2d 820, 821, 552 N.Y.S.2d 555, 551 N.E.2d 1233 [1990], rearg denied 75 N.Y.2d 1005, 557 N.Y.S.2d 312, 556 N.E.2d 1119 [1990], rearg dismissed 81 N.Y.2d 989, 599 N.Y.S.2d 797, 616 N.E.2d 152 [1993] ; People v. Owens , 149 A.D.3d 1561, 1562, 52 N.Y.S.3d 790 [4th Dept. 2017], lv denied 30 N.Y.3d 982, 67 N.Y.S.3d 584, 89 N.E.3d 1264 [2017] ). We decline to exercise our power to review them as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15 [6] [a] ).
Defendant further contends that the People violated Brady and CPL 245.20 (1) (p) by failing to disclose the victim's ostensible out-of-state "conviction" for driving while intoxicated (DWI). Inasmuch as defendant raised that contention for the first time in his posttrial CPL 330.30 motion, it is not preserved for our review (see Owens , 149 A.D.3d at 1562, 52 N.Y.S.3d 790 ; People v. Jones , 90 A.D.3d 1516, 1517, 935 N.Y.S.2d 755 [4th Dept. 2011], lv denied 19 N.Y.3d 864, 947 N.Y.S.2d 413, 970 N.E.2d 436 [2012] ; see generally Padro , 75 N.Y.2d at 821, 552 N.Y.S.2d 555, 551 N.E.2d 1233 ). In any event, defendant's contention lacks merit. The only information in the record with respect to the incident establishes that the victim's DWI charge was "dropped," and thus there was no "judgment[ ] of conviction" regarding that incident that the People were required to disclose ( CPL 245.20 [1] [p] ; see generally People v. Elmore , 211 A.D.3d 1536, 1538, 180 N.Y.S.3d 761 [4th Dept. 2022] ). Additionally, the record establishes that the People made "a diligent, good faith effort to ascertain the existence" of any such record of conviction by reviewing documentation of the victim's criminal history, which revealed no prior out-of-state DWI conviction ( CPL 245.20 [2] ; see People v. Robbins , 206 A.D.3d 1069, 1072-1073, 169 N.Y.S.3d 413 [3d Dept. 2022], lv denied 39 N.Y.3d 942, 177 N.Y.S.3d 530, 198 N.E.3d 773 [2022] ; see also CPL 245.20 [1] [k] ; 245.55 [1]).
We have considered defendant's remaining contentions and conclude that none warrants reversal or modification of the judgment.