Opinion
Docket No. 6,767.
Decided February 5, 1970. Leave to appeal denied April 2, 1970. 383 Mich. 776.
Appeal from Recorder's Court of Detroit, Elvin L. Davenport, J. Submitted Division 1 January 6, 1970, at Detroit. (Docket No. 6,767.) Decided February 5, 1970. Leave to appeal denied April 2, 1970. 383 Mich. 776.
Terry Bynum was convicted by a jury of manslaughter. Defendant appeals. Affirmed.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Samuel J. Torina, Chief Appellate Lawyer, and Thomas P. Smith, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Arthur J. Tarnow (Defenders' Office — Legal Aid and Defender Association of Detroit), for defendant on appeal.
Before: LESINSKI, C.J., and J.H. GILLIS and QUINN, JJ.
Defendant Terry Louis Bynum was tried and convicted of manslaughter by a Detroit recorder's court jury. He appeals alleging various errors. We affirm.
MCLA § 750.321 (Stat Ann 1954 Rev § 28.553).
On the evening of November 21, 1966, Terry Bynum was riding in a car with his brother-in-law, Rudolph Rogers. Apparently Rogers was searching for his wife. When she was discovered, Rogers jumped out of the car and began beating her. The defendant also left the car and then became embroiled in a fight with Rogers. During the altercation Rogers sustained fatal knife wounds. The police subsequently arrested Bynum and conveyed him to police headquarters where he made a statement. At trial the plaintiff offered the statement of defendant into evidence. A Walker hearing revealed that the defendant was advised of his constitutional rights in the language of a so-called Miranda card — the Detroit police department's "Constitutional Rights Certificate of Notification." The trial court admitted the statement over defense counsel's objection.
People v. Walker ( On Rehearing, 1965), 374 Mich. 331.
See Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436 ( 86 S Ct 1602, 16 L Ed 2d 694, 10 ALR3d 974).
Defendant argues that the warnings given by the police interrogators failed to conform to the guidelines set down in Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436 ( 86 S Ct 1602, 16 L Ed 2d 694, 10 ALR3d 974). The certificate reads as follows:
"DETROIT POLICE DEPARTMENT
"CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
"CERTIFICATE OF NOTIFICATION
"I understand that:
"1. I have a right to remain silent and that I do not have to answer any questions put to me or make any statements.
"2. Any statement I make or anything I say can be used against me in a Court of Law.
"3. I have the right to have an attorney (lawyer) present before I answer any questions or make any statement.
"4. If I cannot afford an attorney (lawyer), one will be appointed for me by the Court prior to any questioning.
"5. I can decide at any time to exercise my rights and not answer any questions or make any statement.
"I understand that these are my rights under the law. I have not been threatened or promised anything, and I now desire and agree to answer any questions put to me or to make a statement.
"In the presence of:
/s/ Det. Thomas McManus /s/ Terry L. Bynum "Witness Signature
/s/ Det. Henry LaHousse 11-21-66 4:15 a "Witness Date Time
"[] This certificate of notification was read to the suspect, and he/she had an opportunity to read it. Further, the suspect was given an opportunity to ask any questions that he/she might have concerning this certificate and his/her rights.
" Suspect is illiterate. He/she has had the rights under the law, as defined above, explained to him/her, and has agreed to answer questions or make a statement.
" Suspect can read and write. The rights, as defined above, have been explained to him/her, and he/she has agreed to make a voluntary statement but has refused to sign this form.
"REMARKS 4:15 a 11-21-66 Bynum turned over a 3" Brown white Brown handle knife our Evid tag # 633403 /s/ Det. T. McManus
11-21-66 4:15 a "Date Time /s/ Det. Thomas McManus, Homicide Officer DPD Unit Homicide Bureau
"Place /s/ Det. Henry LaHousse, Homicide Officer DPD Unit"
It is defendant's contention that the certificate neglects to inform him of his right to have an attorney present during interrogation. Although the certificate could be more precise in this regard, the import of warnings 3, 4 and 5 is to that effect. We find compliance with the Miranda rule. The statement was properly admitted.
Compare People v. Ansley (1969), 18 Mich. App. 659, where the record of the Walker hearing revealed Miranda warnings substantially less complete than those in the instant case.
Defendant's second claim of error concerns a statement the trial judge made during the Walker hearing. After the police officer testified as to the circumstances surrounding the interrogation, the trial court ruled the statement admissible. However, the court then withdrew its finding with the following statement in order to allow the defendant to rebut the officer's testimony:
"No. No, he has a right to take the stand. What he says can't be used against him. If he takes the stand later it can be used, but if he doesn't take the stand you can't mention it at all. Get his answers here now, he can meet this now at the Walker hearing so I am going to withdraw my finding. If you want to give him an opportunity, we have voluntariness and also direct at the trial even though I ruled that it is voluntarily admissible, as I read the case he has not had the opportunity to take the stand."
The defendant argues that this was not a correct statement of the rule controlling the use to which Walker hearing testimony can be put. We disagree. People v. Walker ( On Rehearing, 1965), 374 Mich. 331, states:
"We therefore release our jurisdiction of the cause and direct the recorder's court to assume jurisdiction to make a determination upon a separate record upon the issue of the voluntariness of the confession only. At this hearing, we hold the defendant may take the stand and testify for the limited purpose of making of record his version of the facts and circumstances under which the confession was obtained. We hold further that by so doing defendant does not waive his right to decline to take the stand on trial in chief, if retrial is ordered. Neither does he waive any of the other rights stemming from his choice not to testify. This we believe comports with the apparent intention of Jackson (v. Denno, 378 U.S. 368 [ 84 S Ct 1774, 12 L Ed 2d 908]) to require the issue of the voluntariness of a confession to be determined completely apart from and independent of the consideration of that issue by the jury which is considering guilt or innocence under established procedures."
The trial judge said nothing inconsistent with the above language. The defendant is under no obligation to take the stand at trial. However, once he does he is subject to cross-examination the same as any other witness. People v. Lloyd (1967), 5 Mich. App. 717.
Defendant's third claim of error concerns the charge to the jury. No objections were raised below. People v. Keys (1968), 9 Mich. App. 482. However, we exercise our prerogative in searching for evidence of a clear miscarriage of justice. We find none here. Reading the instructions as a whole, we find they present a full, fair and impartial statement of the law of the case.
Defendant's final claim of error is that the verdict was against the great weight of the evidence. We repeat what we stated in People v. Washington (1966), 4 Mich. App. 453, 456:
"`The last assignment of error reiterates an incorrect standard of proof, asserting the verdict is against the great weight of evidence. The correct standard in a criminal appeal is evidence sufficient to convince beyond a reasonable doubt.' People v. Williams (1962), 368 Mich. 494."
See, also, People v. Weems (1969), 19 Mich. App. 553. Reviewing the record, we find there was sufficient evidence, if believed by the jury, to justify a finding of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. People v. Fred W. Thomas (1967), 7 Mich. App. 519.
Affirmed.
All concurred.