Summary
In Ben C., our Supreme Court held that "[i]f appointed counsel in a conservatorship appeal finds no arguable issues, counsel... should (1) inform the court he or she has found no arguable issues to be pursued on appeal; and (2) file a brief setting out the applicable facts and the law."
Summary of this case from People v. MosquedaOpinion
A156720
12-31-2019
The PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Bryan Jack BLANCHARD, Defendant and Appellant.
First District Appellate Project, Jonathan Soglin, San Francisco, and Jeremy Price, for Defendant and Appellant. Xavier Becerra, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters and Jeffrey M. Laurence, Assistant Attorneys General, Seth K. Schalit and Lisa Ashley Ott, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
First District Appellate Project, Jonathan Soglin, San Francisco, and Jeremy Price, for Defendant and Appellant.
Xavier Becerra, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters and Jeffrey M. Laurence, Assistant Attorneys General, Seth K. Schalit and Lisa Ashley Ott, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Siggins, P.J. Bryan Jack Blanchard appeals from an order that adjudicated him incompetent to stand trial for a probation revocation charge and committed him to the Department of State Hospitals. His court-appointed counsel has filed a brief seeking our independent review of the record pursuant to People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436, 158 Cal.Rptr. 839, 600 P.2d 1071 ( Wende ) to determine whether there are any arguable issues on appeal. After considering whether Wende requires our independent review of the record in this circumstance, we conclude it does not. Instead, we follow and apply the process for review identified by our Supreme Court in Conservatorship of Ben C. (2007) 40 Cal.4th 529, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 856, 150 P.3d 738 ( Ben C. ).
We have reviewed the brief provided by appointed counsel. It contains a summary of the relevant facts and law, and there appear to be no arguable issues to be pursued on appeal. We have also considered supplemental briefing we requested on the appropriate standard for review in this appeal. Accordingly, this appeal is dismissed.
BACKGROUND
Blanchard was arrested after he was seen carrying a backpack and running away from a home that was not his own. The homeowners identified items in the backpack as theirs.
Blanchard entered a no contest plea to second degree burglary. The court suspended the imposition of sentence and placed Blanchard on behavioral health probation for three years. Between January and November 2018, Blanchard was twice charged with violating the terms of his probation, and each time probation was reinstated. On November 29, 2018, he was charged with a third violation for a possible commercial burglary. That charge was quickly supplemented with two other charged violations.
On December 11, 2018, his counsel on the probation violation charges declared a doubt regarding Blanchard’s competence to stand trial. Blanchard objected to any finding of his incompetence, and the court appointed experts to evaluate him. With the agreement of all counsel, the expert reports were admitted into evidence, and the matter was submitted. On the basis of the reports, Blanchard was found incompetent to stand trial. The court referred Blanchard to the Contra Costa Conditional Release Program (CONREP) for a recommendation regarding his proper placement. Based on the CONREP recommendation, the court committed Blanchard to a state hospital for two years. He appealed the finding of incompetency and his hospital commitment.
DISCUSSION
"In [ Anders v. State of California (1967) 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 ( Anders ) ], the United States Supreme Court held that when appointed counsel in a criminal defendant’s first appeal is unable to find any arguable issues for briefing, counsel should submit a brief referring to any matters in the record that might arguably support the appeal, provide the defendant a copy, and request permission to withdraw. [Citation.] After the defendant is given the opportunity to raise any points he or she wants the appellate court to consider, the court independently reviews the proceedings to determine whether the appeal is ‘wholly frivolous.’ [Citation.] In Wende , the California Supreme Court concluded that Anders required the Courts of Appeal ‘to conduct a review of the entire record whenever appointed counsel submits a brief which raises no specific issues or describes the appeal as frivolous. This obligation is triggered by the receipt of such a brief from counsel and does not depend on the subsequent receipt of a brief from the defendant personally.’ [Citation.] The court further recognized that ‘counsel may properly remain in the case so long as he has not described the appeal as frivolous and has informed the defendant that he may request the court to have counsel relieved if he so desires.’ [Citation.]" ( People v. Taylor (2008) 160 Cal.App.4th 304, 309, 72 Cal.Rptr.3d 740.) This process is commonly referred to as an Anders / Wende review. ( Id . at p. 312, 72 Cal.Rptr.3d 740.)
In In re Sade C. (1996) 13 Cal.4th 952, 959, 55 Cal.Rptr.2d 771, 920 P.2d 716 ( Sade C . ), our Supreme Court held that Anders / Wende review does not apply to an indigent parent’s appeal of an order terminating parental rights or a custody determination. Sade C. began by recognizing the obvious qualification for Anders / Wende review. By its very terms, the Anders / Wende procedures apply to appointed counsel’s representation of an indigent criminal defendant in the defendant’s first appeal as of right. ( Id . at p. 982, 55 Cal.Rptr.2d 771, 920 P.2d 716.) Beyond this obvious distinction from a dependency case, the Sade C. court considered whether due process required Anders / Wende review as a matter of fundamental fairness. The Court balanced three elements in reaching its conclusion that it does not. They are: "(1) the private interests at stake; (2) the state’s interests involved; and (3) the risk that absence of the procedures in question will lead to an erroneous resolution of the appeal." ( Id . at p. 987, 55 Cal.Rptr.2d 771, 920 P.2d 716.)
In Ben C. , supra , 40 Cal.4th 529, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 856, 150 P.3d 738, the court applied the Sade C. factors to a request for Anders / Wende review of a conservatorship imposed under the Lanterman–Petris–Short Act ( Welf. & Inst. Code, § 5000 et seq. ) (LPS). In rejecting the necessity for such a review, the court first focused on the private and public interests at stake under the LPS scheme. It recognized that among the LPS Act’s goals are the prompt evaluation and treatment of persons with serious mental disorders; individualized treatment supervision and placement services for the gravely disabled; judicial review to safeguard the rights of those involuntarily committed; and the guarantee and protection of public safety through implementation of the commitment scheme. ( Ben C. , supra , 40 Cal.4th at p. 540, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 856, 150 P.3d 738.) The public and private interests at stake in competency proceedings are strikingly similar to LPS commitments. Concern for prompt evaluation and treatment of mentally incompetent defendants, their individualized treatment and supervision, protection of the public, and a comprehensive system of judicial review to protect the rights of such defendants are all attributes of the statutory scheme. (See Pen. Code § 1370.)
Further statutory references are to the Penal Code.
Just as in the case of an LPS conservatorship, the liberty interest at stake for a defendant found incompetent to proceed is significant. A defendant who, like Blanchard, is facing probation revocation charges may be confined for treatment for the shorter period of two years or the maximum time that could be imposed for his violation of probation. ( § 1370, subd. (c)(1).) During such time the criminal proceedings are suspended, and at the end of the period of commitment, the criminal proceedings may resume or long-term civil commitment proceedings may begin. ( § 1370, subds. (a)(1)(B) & (b)(1).) "Moreover, a person suffering from a grave mental disorder is obviously in a poor position to influence or monitor counsel’s efforts on his behalf." ( Ben C. , supra , 40 Cal.4th at p. 540, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 856, 150 P.3d 738.)
But, just as in the case of LPS commitments, the scheme for mentally incompetent defendants has "several layers of important safeguards." ( Ben C. , supra , 40 Cal.4th at p. 540, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 856, 150 P.3d 738.) Within 15 court days following a declaration of incompetence, the county mental health director or designee must file a report with the court regarding the defendant’s possible suitability for outpatient treatment. ( § 1370, subd. (a)(2)(A).) Placement is based upon State Hospital guidelines. (Ibid .) Within 90 days of the defendant’s placement, the medical director of the facility providing treatment must report to the court on the defendant’s progress toward recovery of competence. ( § 1370, subd. (b).) If the defendant has not regained competence, but there is a substantial likelihood he will do so in the foreseeable future, he may be retained in a treatment program and the director must report to the court at six-month intervals. ( § 1370, subd. (b).) Any transfer of a defendant to a different treatment facility must be authorized by the court and notice of the proposed transfer provided to the defendant’s counsel. ( § 1370, subd. (a)(6)(A).)
These safeguards considered in light of the facts that criminal proceedings are suspended during the defendant’s period of incompetence and the commitment process is a special proceeding of a civil nature ( People v. Lawley (2002) 27 Cal.4th 102, 131, 115 Cal.Rptr.2d 614, 38 P.3d 461 ), not a criminal defendant’s first appeal of right, lead us to conclude that Anders / Wende review is not required. Instead, we will employ the process identified in Ben C . Blanchard’s counsel has filed a brief stating that he has found no arguable issue to be pursued on appeal, and the brief sets out the relevant facts and law. We consider counsel’s brief to provide an adequate basis for this court to dismiss the appeal on our own motion. ( Ben C. , supra , 40 Cal.4th at p. 544, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 856, 150 P.3d 738.) Counsel has advised that Blanchard has been provided a copy of the opening brief and advised of his right to file a supplemental brief on his behalf. The time for Blanchard to file a supplemental brief has passed, and we did not receive any brief or response from him. ( Id. at p. 544, fn. 6, 53 Cal.Rptr.3d 856, 150 P.3d 738.)
Our determination to apply Ben C. is consistent with the cases that have considered whether Anders / Wende review is required in a variety of civil commitment proceedings. All employ the procedure identified in Ben C. (See People v. Martinez (2016) 246 Cal.App.4th 1226, 201 Cal.Rptr.3d 381 ; People v. Kisling (2015) 239 Cal.App.4th 288, 190 Cal.Rptr.3d 800 ; People v. Taylor , supra , 160 Cal.App.4th 304, 72 Cal.Rptr.3d 740 ; People v. Dobson (2008) 161 Cal.App.4th 1422, 75 Cal.Rptr.3d 238.)
DISPOSITION
The appeal is dismissed.
WE CONCUR:
Fujisaki, J.
Petrou, J.