Summary
In People v. Blackmer, 309 Mich. App. 199, 200, 870 N.W.2d 579 (2015), the defendant sexually assaulted the adult victim in 1981, and the defendant later traveled to Indiana in 1982, where he committed another sexual assault, leading to his arrest, conviction, and incarceration for a prison term of 90 years.
Summary of this case from People v. KasbenOpinion
Docket No. 318858.
02-10-2015
PEOPLE v. BLACKMER.
Bill Schuette, Attorney General, Aaron D. Lindstrom, Solicitor General, William A. Forsyth, Prosecuting Attorney, and Timothy K. McMorrow, Chief Appellate Attorney, for the People. Robert J. Dunn, PC, Bay City (by Robert J. Dunn ), for Defendant.
Bill Schuette, Attorney General, Aaron D. Lindstrom, Solicitor General, William A. Forsyth, Prosecuting Attorney, and Timothy K. McMorrow, Chief Appellate Attorney, for the People.
Robert J. Dunn, PC, Bay City (by Robert J. Dunn ), for Defendant.
Before: O'CONNELL, P.J., and SAWYER and MARKEY, JJ.
Opinion
PER CURIAM.Defendant appeals by leave granted his plea-based conviction of one count of first-degree criminal sexual conduct (CSC–I), MCL 750.520b(1) (e), arguing that his prosecution was barred by the statute of limitations. We affirm.
The facts in this case are undisputed. On December 17, 1981, defendant sexually assaulted the victim at gunpoint. The victim did not know defendant. Because there were no leads or suspects, the police closed the case in March 1982. In June 1982, defendant traveled to Indiana for his employment. While there, he committed another sexual assault for which he was arrested, convicted, and sentenced to 90 years of incarceration in Indiana. In May 2011, the police in Grand Rapids learned that the Combined DNA Index System database identified a match between DNA obtained from the sexual assault kit completed in this case and defendant, who was still incarcerated in Indiana. Defendant was extradited to Michigan under the Interstate Agreement on Detainers, MCL 780.601, and on May 17, 2013, an information charging defendant with one count of CSC–I was filed in Kent Circuit Court.
Defendant's only argument on appeal is that the applicable statute of limitations barred the prosecution against him. When the crime in this case was committed, the applicable statute of limitations stated:
An indictment[ ] for the crime of murder may be found at any period after the death of the person alleged to have been murdered; indictments for the crimes of kidnapping, extortion, assault with intent to commit murder and
The term “indictment” refers also to charges brought by filing an information. People v. Russo, 439 Mich. 584, 588 n. 1, 487 N.W.2d 698 (1992) ; MCL 767.2.
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conspiracy to commit murder shall be found and filed within 10 years after the commission
of the offense; all other indictments shall be found and filed within 6 years after the commission of the offense; but any period during which the party charged was not usually and publicly resident within this state shall not be reckoned as part of the time within which the respective indictments shall be found and filed. [MCL 767.24, as amended by 1954 PA 100.]
The extension of the period of limitations with respect to victims of CSC–I to more than six years did not occur until 2001. See 2001 PA 6. But this amendment could not revive a charge for which the limitations period had already run. See People v. Russo, 439 Mich. 584, 593–595, 487 N.W.2d 698 (1992). The six-year period of limitations that was applicable at the time the crime was committed in this case expired in 1987 unless the statute was tolled because defendant “was not usually and publicly resident within this state” between 1982 and 2013. Former MCL 767.24. Defendant argues that despite his incarceration in Indiana between 1982 and 2013, the nonresident tolling provision does not apply because he intended to return to Michigan.
The plain language of the former MCL 767.24 is clear and unambiguous. People v. Crear, 242 Mich.App. 158, 164, 618 N.W.2d 91 (2000), overruled in part on other grounds by People v. Miller, 482 Mich. 540, 561 n. 26, 759 N.W.2d 850 (2008). The statute must be applied as written, and judicial interpretation is not required or permitted. People v. Gardner, 482 Mich. 41, 50, 753 N.W.2d 78 (2008). Further, “all undefined ‘words and phrases shall be construed and understood according to the common and approved usage of the language[.]’ ” People v. Laidler, 491 Mich. 339, 347, 817 N.W.2d 517 (2012), quoting MCL 8.3a (alteration in original). To ascertain the ordinary meaning of undefined words in a statute, a court may consult a dictionary. Laidler, 491 Mich. at 347, 817 N.W.2d 517 (citation omitted). The word “ usual” means “customary or habitual”; the word “publicly” means, in this context, “open to the view of all”; and the word “resident” means “dwelling in a place.” See Random House Webster's College Dictionary (1992). In sum, the plain and unambiguous language of the nonresident tolling provision at issue provided that the limitations period was tolled for any period in which a defendant was not customarily and openly living in Michigan. Defendant's subjective intent is irrelevant to this definition. See People v. Breidenbach, 489 Mich. 1, 10, 798 N.W.2d 738 (2011) (“[A] court may read nothing into an unambiguous statute that is not within the manifest intent of the Legislature as derived from the words of the statute itself.”) (citation and quotation marks omitted). The facts of this case patently show that defendant did not customarily and openly live in Michigan between 1982 and 2013; therefore, the trial court properly determined that the period of limitations was tolled from the time defendant left Michigan in 1982, and the court properly denied defendant's motion to dismiss.
We affirm.
O'CONNELL, P.J., and SAWYER and MARKEY, JJ., concurred.