Opinion
Docket No. 51795.
Decided April 10, 1981.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, L. Brooks Patterson, Prosecuting Attorney, Robert C. Williams, Chief Appellate Counsel, and Thomas S. Richards, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
James M. Radabaugh, for defendant on appeal.
Before: M.F. CAVANAGH, P.J., and J.H. GILLIS and ALLEN, JJ.
On February 5, 1980, defendant pled guilty to robbery armed, MCL 750.529; MSA 28.797, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, MCL 750.227b; MSA 28.424(2). Sentenced to serve 2 years in prison on the felony-firearm charge, followed by an additional 1 to 15 years in prison on the charge of armed robbery, defendant appeals of right raising two issues, each pertaining to the felony-firearm conviction.
At the plea-taking proceedings, defendant stated that he drove two codefendants, Holiday Littke and Kennett Kenny, to a private residence in Farmington Hills which Kenny and Littke then proceeded to enter and rob. Littke entered the premises first, followed by Kenny, who carried an unloaded shotgun. Defendant, who had remained outside, was then summoned to the house by Kenny. There he was given "items stacked by the door" which he began "taking out to the car". At no time did defendant ever possess or carry the unloaded shotgun charged in the information.
One of the items stacked by the door and carried out to the car by defendant was a gun. However, this was not the shotgun which codefendant Kenny carried into the house and which was used to support the factual basis for defendant's felony-firearm plea.
On appeal, defendant first contends that the factual basis of the conviction of possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony is insufficient because the trial court did not determine the operational capability of the shotgun itself. Citing People v Gee, 97 Mich. App. 422; 296 N.W.2d 52 (1980), defendant contends it is incumbent upon the Court to determine if a dangerous projectile might be propelled from the weapon. We disagree. In People v Gibson, 94 Mich. App. 172, 176; 288 N.W.2d 366 (1979), this Court held that whether the gun was operable or not does not affect a conviction for armed robbery. In People v Mason, 96 Mich. App. 47, 51; 292 N.W.2d 480 (1980), we held that the prosecution "need not present proof of operability as an element of the prima facie case in a felony-firearm prosecution". Gee, supra, involved a BB gun, the question being whether the size of the pellet it fired made it a "firearm" under that section of the statute which requires the BB's propelled therefrom to exceed. 177 calibre. Thus, Gee is inapplicable in the instant case, since a shotgun is obviously a "firearm" within the statutory definition.
Defendant next contends that personal possession of a firearm by the person charged with the offense is necessary for a conviction under the statute. Diverse panels of the Court of Appeals have reached different conclusions as to whether an aider and abettor who does not personally carry a firearm may be convicted under the statute. The question is now with the Supreme Court on leave granted. No useful purpose is served in reciting the respective arguments. Suffice it to say that two members of the present panel have held that personal possession of a firearm is not required and one member of the instant panel has held that personal possession is required. A majority of this panel having decided that one may be convicted under the statute as an aider and abettor even if he did not carry the firearm, defendant's plea conviction for both armed robbery and felony-firearm is affirmed.
Holding that personal possession is required are: People v Powell, 90 Mich. App. 273; 282 N.W.2d 803 (1979), People v Walter Johnson, 85 Mich. App. 654; 272 N.W.2d 605 (1978), and People v Majors, 104 Mich. App. 684; 305 N.W.2d 293 (1981). Upholding the people's position are: People v Tavolacci, 88 Mich. App. 470; 276 N.W.2d 919 (1979), lv gtd 407 Mich. 882 (1979), People v Atkins, 93 Mich. App. 524, 286 N.W.2d 901 (1979), People v Bynum, 93 Mich. App. 563; 287 N.W.2d 290 (1979), People v Duckett, 94 Mich. App. 718; 290 N.W.2d 64 (1980), People v Wimbush, 94 Mich. App. 152; 288 N.W.2d 375 (1979), People v Sullivan, 97 Mich. App. 488; 296 N.W.2d 81 (1980), and People v Turner, 99 Mich. App. 733; 298 N.W.2d 848 (1980).
Affirmed.
For the reasons set forth in People v Majors, 104 Mich. App. 684; 305 N.W.2d 293 (1981), I respectfully dissent from the holding that the felony-firearm statute does not require personal possession of a firearm. I would vacate the felony-firearm conviction and affirm the conviction for armed robbery.