Summary
In Beckman, supra. the Defendant was indicted for a violation of Penal Law § 130.45, Criminal Sexual Act in the Second Degree, a Class D Felony. The DA, apparently without any explanation whatsoever, declined to prosecute, and the Columbia County Court (Hon. Jonathan Nichols) dismissed the indictment on that basis.
Summary of this case from People v. CottiniOpinion
No. 12–031.
12-07-2012
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, v. Peter BECKMAN, Defendant.
Paul Czajka, Columbia County District Attorney, Columbia County District Attorney's Office, Hudson, for the People. Sean Lally, Esq., Kinderhook, for the Defendant.
Paul Czajka, Columbia County District Attorney, Columbia County District Attorney's Office, Hudson, for the People.
Sean Lally, Esq., Kinderhook, for the Defendant.
JONATHAN D. NICHOLS, J.
By indictment dated April 30, 2012, the Defendant is charged with committing the crime of Criminal Sexual Act in the Second Degree. See, Penal Law § 130.45(1). The Defendant was arraigned before this Court on April 30, 2012 and entered a not guilty plea.
On October 16, 2012 the Columbia County District Attorney informed the Court on the record that he declined to prosecute the instant matter. The Defendant offered no objection to the District Attorney's declination to prosecute. Thereupon this Court dismissed the indictment on the record and directed the Defendant be released on the indicted offense, with this Court's written determination regarding the rationale for dismissal to follow.
It is well established that a district attorney must seek leave of court when seeking to withdraw a count from a grand jury indictment, or to have the indictment dismissed in total. See People v. Extale, 18 N.Y.3d 690, 694, 943 N.Y.S.2d 801, 967 N.E.2d 179; cf. People v. Urbaez, 10 N.Y.3d 773, 775, 856 N.Y.S.2d 520, 886 N.E.2d 142. Generally, while such an application for dismissal is made via a motion to dismiss in the interest of justice (see CPL 210.40[3] ), or to withdraw a count of an indictment from being submitted to a jury (see CPL 300.40[6] ; People v. Extale, id. at 695, 943 N.Y.S.2d 801, 967 N.E.2d 179), for the reasons stated herein and upon the law, this Court finds there is no requirement that such a motion by the People, the Defendant or the Court, need be made to enable the Court's dismissal.
In the case sub judice, the District Attorney has not moved under CPL 210.40(3) or CPL 300.40(6). The Defendant has not moved for dismissal in the interest of justice under CPL 210.40(3). Rather, the District Attorney has relied upon his possession of "... the ultimate discretionary power to drop a charge entirely." People v. Eboli, 34 N.Y.2d 281, 289, 357 N.Y.S.2d 435, 313 N.E.2d 746; see also People v. Di Falco, 44 N.Y.2d 482, 486, 406 N.Y.S.2d 279, 377 N.E.2d 732 ("The District Attorney has broad discretion in determining when and in what manner to prosecute a suspected offender").
Inasmuch as the District Attorney's position is not based on CPL 210.40(3) or CPL 300.40(6), it is apparent that the Court's power to dismiss the indictment is necessarily derived from what the Court of Appeals in People v. Extale indicated may be recognized as the "inherent power" of courts "... to dismiss ... with the consent of the People even in situations to which neither CPL 210.40(3) nor 300.40(6) applies." Id. at 695, 943 N.Y.S.2d 801, 967 N.E.2d 179. Although the Court of Appeals in People v. Extale referred to such "inherent powers" in a theoretical sense because the issue was not then before the Court, this Court finds that it, in common with all Superior Courts, necessarily possesses such inherent powers if, for no other reason, than the proper administration of justice demands it. This is particularly true when all of the parties to the proceeding do not oppose dismissal as the proper remedy upon the prosecutor's unequivocal declination to prosecute the charge(s) whether by way of indictment or other accusatory instrument. Such is the case at bar, as neither the Defendant nor the District Attorney (the chief law enforcement officer in Columbia County) opposed dismissal of the indictment when proffered by the Court on the record as the appropriate remedy. Further, the scenario in this case is not one which fits neatly within the individual and collective mandatory considerations imposed upon the Court pursuant to CPL 210.40(1)(a-j) for dismissal in the interest of justice, if even on the Court's own motion. See CPL 210.40(3).
Although the dismissal in the interest of justice provisions of CPL 210.40(1) relative to indicted offenses and CPL 170.40(1) relative to local criminal accusatory instruments are different, those distinctions are not relevant to the issue raised here; i.e. where a prosecutor unequivocally states that the People decline further prosecution of any charge(s).
Indeed, were the Court to mandate that this case to go forward in the absence of an objective and compelling evidentiary predicate demonstrating the District Attorney's inability or unwillingness to perform his law enforcement duties (duties that include his exercise of prosecutorial discretion and judgment), the Court would be compromising its duty "... to preside over and adjudicate criminal proceedings" by intruding "... upon the role of the prosecutor." Matter of Cantwell v. Ryan, 309 A.D.2d 1042, 1043, 766 N.Y.S.2d 135. Furthermore, and of greater significance, if the Court were to substitute its judgment for that of the prosecutor, without any basis other than the Court's own desire to exercise judicial power and prerogatives (whether motivated by personal or institutional desires, or both), the resultant injustice would be abhorrent. The Court, by such conduct, would thus force the District Attorney to prosecute a case against his or her judgment, and contemporaneously compel the Defendant to stand trial for a charge that each party believes should be dismissed. Absent a demonstrated evidentiary basis that in declining to prosecute a charge the prosecutor is derelict in his or her duty through misconduct, fraud, collusion, incapacity or the like, the Court would clearly be abusing its discretion by forcing further prosecution and doing so in a manner injurious and prejudicial to both the Defendant and the People.
This Court is cognizant of the Court of Appeals decision in People v. Douglass, 60 N.Y.2d 194, 469 N.Y.S.2d 56, 456 N.E.2d 1179. Nothing in Douglass is inapposite to this Court's decision herein. In Douglass, (and related cases determined therewith) unlike here, the trial court dismissed local criminal court misdemeanor complaints on its own motion for "failure to prosecute" or "calendar control" over the objection of the People. In stark contrast, here the People have not "failed to prosecute" but rather, have overtly and unequivocally exercised their constitutional discretion to decline to prosecute. This distinction is not merely semantic. To the contrary, as set forth herein, the distinction is critically substantive. To the extent other courts have relied upon Douglass, to hold that a court may not dismiss a criminal charge upon the people's declination to prosecute, this Court respectfully disagrees as it finds their reliance on Douglass misplaced (cf. People v. Donnaruma, 38 Misc.3d 506, 955 N.Y.S.2d 486, Albany City Court, November 20, 2012, Carter, J., File No. 12–215770; People v. Chai, 37 Misc.3d 1203[A], 2012 Slip Op. 518700[U], 2012 WL 4492264 [Kinderhook Just. Ct.] ). Further, such determinations are not stare decisis authority relative to this Court. ,
The Court is likewise cognizant of the May 24, 2012 memorandum from Honorable George B. Ceresia, Jr. District Administrative Judge, Third Judicial District opining to Magistrates that People v. Douglass, infra may preclude pretrial dismissal by the court where the district attorney declines to prosecute a criminal charge. To the extent the content of that memorandum is contrary to this Court's decision, this Court respectfully declines to follow it, observing that such opinion is not stare decisis authority.
Although these courts were dealing with the instance of a prosecutor declining to prosecute charges in local court, the distinctions between such charges and an indicted offense are not relevant to the issue at bar (see footnote 1 infra ). Further as to this point, the Court notes that misdemeanor and other offense could be the subject of an indictment (CPL 200.10 ), and clearly Supreme Court, as a Superior Court (CPL 10.10[2][a] ) has plenary jurisdiction over all matters, and in practical application routinely handles such crimes and offenses in Integrated Domestic Violence Parts (N.Y. Const. Article VI, §§ 7, 19 (a), 28 (b) and 30 ; Judiciary Law §§ 140–b, 211 ; Uniform Rules of Trial Cts. [22 NYCRR] § 80.1 [b][2]; [22 NYCRR] § 202.3 [c] [2],[5]; Administrative Order of the Chief Judge of the Courts dated December 29, 2008).
The logical extension of failing to dismiss upon the District Attorney's unequivocal declination to prosecute is readily discerned. One need only ponder for a moment to foresee the result should the Court mandate prosecution of the charge in such a setting. At a scheduled trial, the People could be absent or decline to present any witness or other evidence to support the charge, necessarily resulting in the same conclusion reached here, now and without objection: dismissal with prejudice. Should the court, however, pursue prosecution in its solitary exercise of pure judicial power and scheduled further proceedings, perhaps including a trial, the absurdity of such pursuit would be harshly and inescapably demonstrated by a courtroom devoid of a prosecutor, defense counsel and a defendant. Upon such result, unless the court then dismisses the charge(s), it begs the question of what the court will do next. Other than rescheduling the matter which would inevitably conclude in the same manner, the court could take unilateral action such as scoff law suspension of a driver's license in Vehicle and Traffic Law matters, issue a warrant for a defendant, or perhaps other judicial process such as contempt proceedings against the defendant or the attorneys. Ironically, other than perhaps securing a person's attendance before the court, such measures will not ultimately result in the prosecution which the court pursued at the outset.
In matters for which a jury is required, it strains all sense of reason that a court would summon prospective jurors only to have to dismiss them due to the failure of any appearance by the parties.
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A more ill conceived symphony of criminal procedure with the court as both composer and conductor is difficult to envision. Absent dismissal the prejudice to both the People and the defendant, the potential damage to the court's image and integrity and the inexcusable waste of judicial resources is self evident and inevitable.
Indictment No. 12–031 is Dismissed with prejudice to re-prosecute.
This constitutes the Decision and Order of this Court.