Opinion
March 3, 1986
Appeal from the County Court, Suffolk County (Namm, J.).
Judgment affirmed.
On March 20, 1982, the defendant, acting with two others, attempted to rob the Nesconset Shell Station in Smithtown, New York. During the course of the commission of this robbery, Richard Berger, an innocent bystander, was shot in the head by one of the perpetrators. He subsequently died as a result of the bullet wound. The defendant and his accomplices were tried jointly, and the defendant was convicted of murder in the second degree (felony murder) and attempted robbery in the first degree.
On appeal, the defendant maintains that he was denied effective assistance of counsel because his attorney was not present when the hearing court heard oral argument on a codefendant's motion to renew or reargue a prior motion to dismiss the indictment. We find this contention meritless. It is clear from the record that not only was the defendant's attorney present when the hearing court rendered its decision on the motion, he was also afforded an opportunity to address the court on behalf of his client, and notably declined to do so. "Even under the most liberal standard for gauging whether effective assistance [of counsel] has been rendered, a defendant must demonstrate that [the acts or omissions of his attorney] blotted out a substantial defense which `resulted in actual and substantial disadvantage to the course of his defense'" (People v. Morris, 100 A.D.2d 630, 631, affd 64 N.Y.2d 803). Under these circumstances, we are unable to perceive how the defendant suffered any prejudice whatsoever as a result of his attorney's brief absence. The motion in question was pertinent only to the particular theory of defense asserted by one of his codefendants. Thus, the defendant was not deprived of meaningful representation (People v. Satterfield, 66 N.Y.2d 796; People v. Baldi, 54 N.Y.2d 137).
Nor do we find merit to the defendant's argument that there was an impermissible amendment to the indictment with regard to a material element of the crime charged by virtue of the trial court's instructions to the jury. The indictment charged the defendant with attempting to rob Richard Berger and with causing Berger's death in the course of the commission of the attempted robbery. However, with respect to the felony murder count, the trial court instructed the jury that in order to find the defendant guilty, it must find that he attempted to steal property from the Nesconset Shell Station, Richard Berger and Michael Albanese. This portion of the charge did not constructively amend the indictment with regard to a material element of the crime charged. Thus, the defendant was not deprived of fair notice of the charges against him. The crime charged by the trial court was unquestionably the same criminal transaction for which the Grand Jury intended to indict the defendant (see, e.g., People v. Ganett, 51 N.Y.2d 991). With the exception of the addition of two more victims, the nature of the crime as well as the underlying facts thereof were all the same (see, People v. Spann, 56 N.Y.2d 469).
The defendant also contends on appeal that he was deprived of a fair trial because he was jointly tried with his codefendants, who presented defenses which were antagonistic to his own. Although the severance issue was discussed during both the pretrial hearing and the trial by the codefendants' counsel, the defendant never sought a severance on his own behalf, which obviously was a deliberate strategic choice. The defendant "not having had his strategy turn out successfully, may not now be heard to complain" (People v. Hernandez, 33 A.D.2d 747, affd 28 N.Y.2d 522). Having failed to move for a severance, the defendant waived the issue of the propriety of the joint trial, and it may not now serve as a basis for reversal (see, People v. Downs, 77 A.D.2d 740).
We have examined the defendant's remaining contentions and find them to be either unpreserved or without merit. We note that there is nothing in the record warranting a modification of the sentence imposed by the trial court. Mangano, J.P., Thompson, Brown and Weinstein, JJ., concur.