Opinion
05-03-2024
The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Demetrius ARCHIE, Defendant-Appellant.
CAMBARERI & BRENNECK, SYRACUSE (MELISSA K. SWARTZ OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (ELISABETH DANNAN OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
Appeal from a judgment of the Onondaga County Court (James H. Cecile, A.J.), rendered June 16, 2022. The judgment convicted defendant, upon his plea of guilty, of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree.
CAMBARERI & BRENNECK, SYRACUSE (MELISSA K. SWARTZ OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
WILLIAM J. FITZPATRICK, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, SYRACUSE (ELISABETH DANNAN OF COUNSEL), FOR RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., MONTOUR, OGDEN, DELCONTE, AND KEANE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him, upon his guilty plea, of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (Penal Law § 265.03 [3]). The conviction arises from an incident in which the police recovered a gun following an attempted traffic stop of a vehicle that defendant was driving. According to police testimony at a suppression hearing, defendant refused to pull over his vehicle when the police officers who were pursuing it activated their patrol car’s overhead lights and siren in an attempt to stop the vehicle and, during their continued pursuit, the police observed the gun that was recovered being thrown from the vehicle by a front seat passenger. Defendant was later apprehended after the vehicle crashed and he and the passenger fled on foot.
[1, 2] Defendant contends that the police acted unlawfully in their initial pursuit and attempted stop of the vehicle that he was driving and, therefore, County Court erred in refusing to suppress evidence obtained as a result of such unlawful conduct. We reject that contention. It is well settled that a police officer may stop a vehicle when they have "probable cause to believe a driver has committed a traffic infraction," regardless of whether the officer’s "primary motivation is to conduct another investigation" (People v. Robinson, 97 N.Y.2d 341, 346, 741 N.Y.S.2d 147, 767 N.E.2d 638 [2001]; see People v. Addison, 199 A.D.3d 1321, 1321-1322, 157 N.Y.S.3d 214 [4th Dept. 2021]). Moreover, "the credibility determinations of the suppression court are entitled to great deference on appeal and will not be disturbed unless clearly unsupported by the record" (Addison, 199 A.D.3d at 1322, 157 N.Y.S.3d 214 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v. Montgomery, 217 A.D.3d 1526, 1527, 192 N.Y.S.3d 842 [4th Dept. 2023]; People v. Robles-Pizarro, 198 A.D.3d 1379, 1379, 155 N.Y.S.3d 271 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 37 N.Y.3d 1164, 160 N.Y.S.3d 712, 181 N.E.3d 1140 [2022]).
[3, 4] Here, affording great deference to the court’s resolution of credibility issues at the suppression hearing (see generally People v. Prochilo, 41 N.Y.2d 759, 761, 395 N.Y.S.2d 635, 363 N.E.2d 1380 [1977]), we conclude that the record supports the court’s determination that the police acted lawfully in their pursuit and attempted stop of defendant’s vehicle (see People v. Coss, 189 A.D.3d 1759, 1762, 137 N.Y.S.3d 566 [3d Dept. 2020]; People v. Cox, 215 A.D.2d 684, 684, 628 N.Y.S.2d 294 [2d Dept. 1995], lv denied 86 N.Y.2d 841, 634 N.Y.S.2d 450, 658 N.E.2d 228 [1995]; see generally Robinson, 97 N.Y.2d at 348-349, 741 N.Y.S.2d 147, 767 N.E.2d 638). At the suppression hearing, one of the officers involved in the attempted traffic stop testified that, prior to the pursuit of defendant’s vehicle, he observed the vehicle driving away from the scene of a reported shooting at a "very high rate of speed," i.e., a rate that appeared to be "above and beyond the speed limit," in violation of the Vahicle and Traffic Law. "[A] qualified police officer’s testimony that [they] visually estimated the speed of a defendant’s vehicle may be sufficient to establish that the defendant exceeded the speed limit" where the People "establish the officer[’s] training and qualifications to support their visual estimates of the speed of the vehicle" (People v. Suttles, 214 A.D.3d 1313, 1314, 185 N.Y.S.3d 839 [4th Dept. 2023], lv denied 40 N.Y.3d 936, 194 N.Y.S.3d 768, 215 N.E.3d 1209 [2023]). Here, the officer testified that he received such training and that, although he could not recall having personally issued a speeding ticket, he used that training as part of his duties as a patrol officer (see People v. Scott, 189 A.D.3d 2110, 2110-2111, 138 N.Y.S.3d 780 [4th Dept. 2020], lv denied 36 N.Y.3d 1123, 146 N.Y.S.3d 188, 169 N.E.3d 546 [2021]). Contrary to defendant’s contention, "there is nothing about the officer’s testimony in that regard that is unbelievable as a matter of law, manifestly untrue, physically impossible, contrary to experience, or self-contradictory" (People v. Layou, 134 A.D.3d 1510, 1511, 23 N.Y.S.3d 517 [4th Dept. 2015], lv denied 27 N.Y.3d 1070, 38 N.Y.S.3d 841, 60 N.E.3d 1207 [2016], reconsideration denied 28 N.Y.3d 932, 40 N.Y.S.3d 360, 63 N.E.3d 80 [2016] [internal quotation marks omitted]).
Defendant’s contention that the court should have recused itself is unpreserved for our review (see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v. Gulbin, 165 A.D.3d 1611, 1612, 82 N.Y.S.3d 910 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 1172, 97 N.Y.S.3d 638, 121 N.E.3d 266 [2019]; People v. LaValley, 41 A.D.3d 1153, 1154, 837 N.Y.S.2d 796 [4th Dept. 2007], lv denied 9 N.Y.3d 877, 842 N.Y.S.2d 789, 874 N.E.2d 756 [2007]), and we decline to exercise our power to review it as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15 [3] [c]).
Finally, we conclude that the sentence is not unduly harsh or severe.