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In Patel, the Ninth Circuit held that the district court erred by abstaining in favor of state proceedings, but it then indicated that the district court could still exercise its "broad discretion to stay proceedings as an incident to its power to control its own docket," id. at 416 (quoting Clinton v. Jones, 520 U.S. 681, 706-07, 117 S.Ct. 1636, 137 L.Ed.2d 945 (1997)), explicitly citing Landis for the proposition that "such a stay may be entered until Patel's mandamus petition has been resolved in state court." Id.
Summary of this case from Sanchez v. Green Messengers, Inc.Opinion
No. 12-56949
02-27-2015
BALUBHAI G. PATEL; APOLINAR ARELLANO; ADELA ARELLANO; CLAUDIA AYALA, Plaintiffs - Appellants, v. CITY OF LOS ANGELES, a municipal corporation; FELIPE HERNANDEZ, individually and as City of Los Angeles Housing Inspector, Defendants - Appellees.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 2:12-cv-05945-R-RNB MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California
Manuel L. Real, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted February 9, 2015 Pasadena, California Before: KOZINSKI, CHRISTEN and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
The district court erred in staying plaintiffs' federal claims pursuant to the Pullman abstention doctrine.
"[W]e review de novo whether the requirements for Pullman abstention have been met." Smelt v. Cnty. of Orange, 447 F.3d 673, 678 (9th Cir. 2006). A district court may only invoke Pullman's "extraordinary and narrow exception to [its] duty" to exercise jurisdiction, Cnty. of Allegheny v. Frank Mashuda Co., 360 U.S. 185, 188 (1959), when a difficult constitutional question "plainly can be avoided [by] a definitive ruling on [a] state issue [that] would terminate the controversy," R.R. Comm'n of Tex. v. Pullman Co., 312 U.S. 496, 498 (1941). Here, no state ruling would terminate—or even substantially narrow—any federal question presented. Even if a state court were to grant plaintiffs' request for administrative mandamus and reverse the council's permitting decision, plaintiffs' Fifth Amendment claim for damages based on the City's temporary taking would remain. See First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, Cal., 482 U.S. 304, 319 (1987). Plaintiffs' Fair Housing Act, due process and Fourth Amendment claims would similarly be unaffected by the result of the mandamus action.
While the facts found in a state mandamus action may have issue preclusive effect in a subsequent federal proceeding, Mata v. City of Los Angeles, 24 Cal. Rptr. 2d 314, 319 (Ct. App. 1993), that alone is insufficient to justify abstention. Pullman abstention is not a mechanism to conveniently sequence federal and state claims. It is appropriate only when abstention can "avoid resolving [a] federal question by encouraging a state-law determination that may moot the federal controversy." San Remo Hotel, L.P. v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, Cal., 545 U.S. 323, 339 (2005) (emphasis added). Abstaining when a state law determination merely has the potential to affect—rather than avoid—a federal question transforms Pullman from an exception into a rule, effectively "impos[ing] an exhaustion requirement not appropriate to 42 U.S.C. § 1983." Pearl Inv. Co. v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 774 F.2d 1460, 1463 (9th Cir. 1985).
However, on remand, the district court need not exercise supplemental jurisdiction over plaintiffs' petition for administrative mandamus. While federal courts are permitted to "exercise supplemental jurisdiction over state law claims for on-the-record review of administrative decisions," that "does not mean that [such] jurisdiction must be exercised in all cases." City of Chicago v. Int'l Coll. of Surgeons, 522 U.S. 156, 172 (1997). The district court may decline jurisdiction over the administrative mandamus petition for "a number of valid reasons," including that it "raises a novel or complex issue of [s]tate law." Id. at 172-73 (internal quotation marks omitted).
Furthermore, if the district court declines supplemental jurisdiction, it may exercise its "broad discretion to stay proceedings as an incident to its power to control its own docket." Clinton v. Jones, 520 U.S. 681, 706-07 (1997). So long as the "competing interests which will be affected by the granting . . . [of] a stay" continue to favor its imposition, such a stay may be entered until Patel's mandamus petition has been resolved in state court. Lockyer v. Mirant Corp., 398 F.3d 1098, 1110 (9th Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Landis v. N. Am. Co., 299 U.S. 248, 254-55 (1936).
REVERSED and REMANDED.