Summary
In Miller, this Court held that the placement of a magazine advertisement did not amount to the launching of a law practice because "it was only evidence of an intention to practice an intention [the claimant] shortly changed and did not represent the establishment of a professional enterprise."
Summary of this case from Cook v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of ReviewOpinion
Argued May 11, 1979
September 11, 1979.
Unemployment compensation — Self-employment — Unemployment Compensation Law, Act 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897 — Attorney — Bar membership — Intention to practice law — Credibility — Evidentiary weight.
1. A person actively participating in the operation of a private enterprise or performing a positive act in establishing an independent business enterprise is self-employed and ineligible for benefits under the Unemployment Compensation Law, Act 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897, and an attorney who was a member of the state bar and listed his name in a legal directory is nonetheless not self-employed when he performed no legal services, had no clients, received no remuneration for performing legal services and had insufficient funds to engage in the practice of law. [572-3]
2. In an unemployment compensation case questions of credibility and evidentiary weight are for the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, not the reviewing court. [573]
Argued May 11, 1979, before Judges MENCER, ROGERS and CRAIG, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 2091 C.D. 1978, from the Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review in case of In Re: Claim of John A. Anthes, Jr., No. B-154038-B.
Application to the Bureau of Employment Security for unemployment compensation benefits. Application denied. Applicant appealed to the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review. Benefits awarded. Employer appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Affirmed.
Daniel J. Long, for petitioner.
Elsa D. Newman, Assistant Attorney General, with her Richard Wagner, Assistant Attorney General, Chief Counsel, and Edward G. Biester, Jr., Attorney General, for respondent.
Claimant is an attorney-at-law, admitted to the Pennsylvania bar. The question raised on this appeal by his former employer is whether he became self-employed for unemployment compensation purposes and therefore ineligible for benefits under Section 402(h) of The Unemployment Compensation Law.
Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P. S. § 802(h).
The findings of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) are succinct and supported by substantial evidence:
2. Claimant was advised by the employer early in August that his last day of work for the employer would be August 31, 1977.
3. During the month of August claimant purchased advertising in the legal directory of the Pittsburgh Magazine for the months of September and October.
4. On September 1, 1977 the claimant did not have the funds to establish a private practice so he decided not to go into private practice.
5. After claimant was discharged from his employment he did not have any clients, he did not perform any legal services and he did not receive any remuneration.
6. Claimant did not open his own office and has referred prospective clients to another attorney.
In Edelman v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 10 Pa. Commw. 275, 310 A.2d 707 (1973), we held that a member of the Pennsylvania bar, who first applied for benefits in March, became ineligible as of July 1, the date he began sharing office space with other attorneys in a center-city office. He also had his name listed as an attorney in the telephone directory and admitted performing some work with his officemates, although he never made any profits from the minimal amount of work he did. However, he was entitled to compensation for the period from March through June because there was no evidence to show that he practiced law at all during that earlier period.
A major implication of our decision in Edelman is that merely being a member of the Pennsylvania bar does not in itself make a claimant self-employed under Section 402(h) of the Act and ineligible for unemployment compensation benefits.
A claimant is generally considered to embark upon self-employment for purposes of Section 402(h) only where he actively participates in the operation of a private enterprise or performs a positive act to establish an independent business enterprise. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review v. Finn, 25 Pa. Commw. 512, 360 A.2d 288 (1976). The same guidelines should apply in deciding whether a claimant is self-employed in the practice of law. See Edelman v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, supra.
In this case, after his last day of work for the appellant, claimant never received any remuneration, never had a client and never performed any legal services. The Board also found that, as soon as he became unemployed, claimant decided not to become a practitioner because he realized that he did not have the necessary funds to establish a private practice. That finding is supported by claimant's testimony. Issues of credibility and the weight to be given evidence are within the province of the Board. Rodites v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 34 Pa. Commw. 128, 382 A.2d 1287 (1978).
We do not consider the few referrals he made to another attorney to constitute the rendering of legal services nor a rejection of suitable offers of employment. The referrals brought him no compensation.
We cannot say that the placement of his magazine advertisement amounted to the launching of a law practice; it was only evidence of an intention to practice — an intention he shortly changed — and did not represent the establishment of a professional enterprise.
Accordingly, we affirm the Board's conclusion that claimant was eligible for benefits for the period in question.
ORDER
AND NOW, this 11th day of September, 1979, the order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review in Appeal No. B-77-7-A-1747 is hereby affirmed.