Summary
In Panzer v. Harding (118 A.D.2d 842), also a dog bite case, the trial court properly charged the jury on both strict liability and negligence theories, but then, without objection, erroneously submitted a verdict sheet that only required the jury to determine if defendants were negligent. The Appellate Division, Second Department did not reach the unpreserved error, finding, under the circumstances, that it was not so fundamental or egregious an error to warrant a new trial.
Summary of this case from Vavosa v. StilesOpinion
March 31, 1986
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Orange County (Isseks, J.).
Judgment affirmed, without costs or disbursements.
The undisputed testimony that, prior to biting the infant plaintiff, the defendants' dog liked to play with and was gentle with children, had neither bitten anyone, nor had been the subject of any complaint, had played with the infant plaintiff the night before the incident in question and then slept at the foot of the infant plaintiff's sleeping bag, and the infant plaintiff's testimony that the dog was "nice", fairly interpreted, supports the jury's finding in favor of the defendants (see, Olsen v. Chase Manhattan Bank, 10 A.D.2d 539, affd 9 N.Y.2d 829).
We note that the trial court, although properly charging the jury on both of the plaintiffs' theories of liability, i.e., strict liability for keeping a dog of known vicious propensities and negligence, gave the jury a verdict sheet which, with reference to liability, required the jury to determine only if the defendants were negligent. While this was clearly error, no objection was taken to the verdict sheet, and, in light of all the evidence adduced at the trial, particularly the absence of any evidence of vicious propensities or knowledge thereof, and the testimony concerning the dog's gentle nature and history, we do not find the omission to be an error so fundamental, or the effect upon the plaintiffs' case to be so egregious, as to require a new trial (cf. Ferreira v. New York City Tr. Auth., 79 A.D.2d 596; Caceres v. New York City Health Hosps. Corp., 74 A.D.2d 619). Mollen, P.J., Thompson, Rubin and Spatt, JJ., concur.