Opinion
Case Number C 08-3002 JF (HRL).
June 29, 2010
ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT [re: docket no. 113]
This disposition is not designated for publication in the official reports.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Facts
This action arises out of a residential mortgage transaction. Plaintiff Carlos Pacheco ("Plaintiff") owns and resides at the subject property, which is located at 855 Soquel San Jose Road, Soquel, California. Second Amended Complaint ("SAC") ¶ 5. In November 2005, Plaintiff refinanced his home mortgage loan with an Adjustable Rate Note in the amount of $607,200 ("Loan") from lender MortgageIT, Inc. ("MortgageIT"). SAC ¶ 17; Declaration of James D. Campbell (a Director with Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc.) ("Campbell Decl."), Ex. A (Adjustable Rate Note).
Plaintiff asserts that he traveled to Southern California on November 7, 2005 and drove to the office of the Real Estate Loan Centers ("RELC") in Apple Valley, California. Declaration of Carlos Pacheco ("Pacheco Decl.") ¶ 2. He claims that on that date he "was provided documents to sign and received a pre-copied set of loan documents, all unsigned." Id. Included among these documents were two copies of a Notice of Right to Cancel ("NRC"). Plaintiff alleges that the NRC's had a pre-inserted transaction date of October 24, 2005; one of the NRC's also bears Plaintiff's signature and a hand-written transaction date of October 27, 2005. Id. Plaintiff asserts that neither of Plaintiff's NRC's "indicates the last day on which [he] could exercise [his] right to rescind the loan." Id. Plaintiff attaches copies of both of the NRC's to his declaration.
Defendants MortgageIT, Defendant Homecomings Financial, LLC ("Homecomings") and Deutsche Bank (collectively, "Defendants") do not dispute that the loan transaction closed at the RELC office in Apple Valley, California; however, they do dispute the dates upon which Plaintiff claims to have executed the Loan documents, including the NRC's. Defendants contend that Plaintiff executed the Loan documents on November 4, 2005. Campbell Decl. Exs., A (Adjustable Rate Note dated and notarized November 4, 2005), B (two copies of NRC signed by Plaintiff and dated November 4, 2005). Nancy Lindner, the notary who was present at the closing of the Loan, testified at her deposition that Plaintiff signed the Loan documents in her presence on November 4, 2005. Deposition of Nancy Lindner ("Lindner Depo.") 32:19-24 (testifying that Plaintiff signed his loan documents on November 4, 2005); 37:19-25 (testifying that it is her custom and practice to record everything she notarizes); 42:24-45:10 (stating that she has never backdated or incorrectly dated her notary public journal and never signed documents without the customer being physically present). Lindner's notary log book is consistent with her testimony. Id. 30:24-33:14. Plaintiff's work records from Dominican Hospital reflect that he did not work on November 4, 2005. Declaration of Karen A. Braje ("Braje Dec."), Ex. B (Timecard Detail Report on Carlos Pacheco). The same records also show that he did not work on November 7, 2005. Id.
MortgageIT transferred its interest in the Loan on or about December 21, 2005. Campbell Decl. ¶ 5 (asserting that MorgageIT transferred and assigned its interest in the Loan "to another entity", but omitting the identity of that entity). Plaintiff alleges upon information and belief "that MortgageIT's interest in the Loan eventually was assigned or sold to Defendant Deutsche Bank." SAC ¶ 25. Deutsche Bank, as trustee for RALI 2005-Q05, acknowledges that it currently holds the beneficial interest in the Loan. Deutsche Bank's Answer ¶ 25 (admitting that it currently holds the beneficial current interest in the loan at issue). Homecomings became the sub-servicer for the Loan in December 2005. Declaration of Juan Aguirre (Senior Litigation Analyst for Homecoming) ("Aguirre Decl.") ¶ 3 (stating that "Homecomings began servicing Plaintiff's Loan in December 2005" but "has never been an assignee of the Loan.").
In April 2007, Plaintiff's counsel wrote to MortgageIT demanding rescission of the Loan pursuant to the Truth in Lending Act ("TILA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1635. SAC ¶ 27, Ex. B. Plaintiff also sent a similar communication to Homecomings. SAC ¶ 28, Ex. C. MortgageIT and Homecomings rejected Plaintiff's demand for rescission. SAC ¶¶ 27, 28. In a letter dated August 3, 2007, MortgageIT explained that it believed no basis for rescission existed because the loan file contained dated copies of the NRC which were signed and acknowledged as having been received by Plaintiff on November 4, 2005. Campbell Decl. ¶ 6, Ex. C (August 3, 2007 Letter from Mary Doherty, Deputy General Counsel for MortgageIT, to William J. Purdy, III, Plaintiff's counsel).
Plaintiff made his last mortgage payment on April 13, 2009. Aguirre Decl. ¶ 5. The Loan currently is in default. Id. Plaintiff estimates that his average monthly income is less than $4,000. Deposition of Carlos Pacheco ("Pacheco Depo.") at 85:20-92:20. Plaintiff does not possess any of the "cash out" portion of the Loan he received. Id. at 110:3-111:21 (Plaintiff conceding that he no longer possesses any of the $60,000 to $75,000 cash out portion of the Loan). Plaintiff has no other source of liquid funds from which to tender or return the loan proceeds, Id. at 162:18-163:6 (testifying that if he cannot refinance his mortgage loan with another lender that he has no other source of funds from which to return the proceeds of the loan), nor has Plaintiff applied to refinance the Loan. Id. 160:3-23.
In 2008, the Property was appraised at $499,000. Braje Decl., Ex. D (Pacheco's responses to Defendants' Requests for Admissions) at No. 4 ("admitting that he had his property appraised in 2008 for $499,000"). GMAC Mortgage ("GMACM") is the current servicer of the Loan. Aguirre Decl. ¶ 1. In November 2009, GMACM requested a broker price opinion ("BPO") from eMortgage Logic, LLC ("eMortgage"), which offers real estate property valuation services. Aguirre Decl. ¶ 6. eMortgage's November 19, 2009 BPO states that the estimated sales price of the Property is $455,000. Id. ¶ 7., Ex. A (BPO prepared by Ed Nosrati of eMortgage estimating the value of the Property at $455,000).
Plaintiff, offering evidence that Defendants challenge as inadmissible, see infra III.A, asserts that the current value of the Property is $600,000 to $625,000 and that given this valuation he could qualify to refinance the Property at 90-97% of its full value. Declaration of Philip Lewis ("Lewis Decl.") ¶¶ 3, 4; Declaration of William Purdy ("Purdy Decl.") ¶ 4 (asserting that an unidentified "broker has valued the property at approximately $600,000.").
B. Procedural history
On May 15, 2008, Plaintiff filed the instant action against MortgageIT and Homecomings in the Santa Cruz Superior Court, alleging claims for rescission and damages under TILA. On June 18, 2008, MortgageIT and Homecomings removed the action to this Court. On September 4, 2008, the Court granted an unopposed motion to strike all allegations of damages from the complaint. Subsequently, Plaintiff filed a first amended complaint ("FAC"). On November 5, 2009, the Court entered a stipulated order taking the motion to dismiss the FAC off calendar in light of Plaintiff's anticipated request to file a second amended complaint ("SAC"). Plaintiff filed the operative SAC on December 29, 2009, re-alleging his previous TILA rescission claim and adding a new defendant (Deutsche Bank). The SAC also added claims for quiet title and declaratory relief. Defendants now move for summary judgment. Plaintiff opposes the motion. For the reasons discussed below, the motion will be granted.
II. LEGAL STANDARD
A motion for summary judgment should be granted if there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). Material facts are those that might affect the outcome of the case under the governing law. Id. at 248. There is a genuine dispute about a material fact if there is sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to return a verdict for the nonmoving party. Id. The moving party bears the initial burden of informing the Court of the basis for the motion and identifying portions of the pleadings, depositions, admissions, or affidavits that demonstrate the absence of a triable issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Where the party moving for summary judgment would not bear the ultimate burden of persuasion at trial, it must either produce evidence negating an essential element of the nonmoving party's claim or defense or show that the nonmoving party does not have enough evidence of an essential element to carry its ultimate burden of persuasion at trial. Nissan Fire Marine Ins. Co. v. Fritz Cos., 210 F.3d 1099, 1102 (9th Cir. 2000). If the moving party meets its initial burden, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to present specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue of material fact for trial. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(e); Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324.
The evidence and all reasonable inferences must be viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc. v. Pac. Elec. Contractors Ass'n, 809 F.2d 626, 630-31 (9th Cir. 1987). Summary judgment thus is not appropriate if the nonmoving party presents evidence from which a reasonable jury could resolve the material issue in its favor. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 248-49; Barlow v. Ground, 943 F.2d 1132, 1134-36 (9th Cir. 1991). However, "[a] non-movant's bald assertions or a mere scintilla of evidence in his favor are both insufficient to withstand summary judgment." F.T.C. v. Stefanchik, 559 F.3d 924, 929 (9th Cir. 2009), citing Galen v. County of Los Angeles, 477 F.3d 652, 658 (9th Cir. 2007).
III. DISCUSSION
Defendants also contend that the declarations of Plaintiff and Lewis violate General Order No. 45 because they do not comport with the rules regarding electronic signatures. However, because Defendants' motion is well-taken on the merits, the Court will overlook this technical defect.
Defendants object to certain evidence contained in the declarations of Plaintiff, William Purdy, and Philip Lewis, on the grounds of hearsay, lack of foundation, improper lay opinion, contradiction of prior testimony, and/or violation of the best evidence rule. Hearsay is a statement, other than one made by the declarant, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted. Fed.R.Evid. 801(c). Hearsay is inadmissible except as provided by the Federal Rules of Evidence, or other rules prescribed by the Supreme Court. The testimony of a witness who does not have personal knowledge of the subject of his or her testimony is inadmissible. Evidence to prove personal knowledge may, but need not, consist of the witness's own testimony. Fed.R.Evid. 602. Defendants' objections to evidence are addressed as follows:
1. Lewis declaration
Statement 1:
Defendants object to Lewis' assertion concerning an appraisal of the Property allegedly performed by an independent appraiser because (1) it constitutes inadmissible hearsay; (2) it lacks foundation; and (3) to the extent it purports to reflect the contents of a written appraisal report, it also violates the best evidence rule. Lewis asserts that he arranged for a preliminary appraisal review by an unidentified appraiser and that "[t]he valuation came in at $600,000 to $625,000." Lewis Decl. ¶ 3. The alleged statement that the property is worth $600,000 to $625,000 was made by an unidentified third person, and Lewis' proffered testimony asserts the truth of what he learned from the appraiser. This is inadmissible hearsay. The purported valuation was made outside of court, not by the declarant or a party, and is offered in evidence to prove that the subject property has a value of $600,000 to $625,000.
SUSTAINED.
Statement 2:
Defendants object to Lewis' statement that the appraiser's valuation of the subject property "comports with [his] estimate of the current value." Lewis Decl. ¶ 3. Defendants contend that this statement lacks foundation and is an inadmissible lay opinion. Fed.R.Evid. 602 (requiring that a witness may not testify to a matter unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter."); Fed.R.Evid. 701 (providing that if a "witness is not testifying as an expert, the witness' testimony in the form of opinions or inferences is limited to those opinions or inferences which are (a) rationally based on the perception of the witness, (b) helpful to a clear understanding of the witness' testimony or the determination of a fact in issue, and (c) not based on scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge within the scope of Rule 702."). Lewis, apart from the purported statement of the unidentified appraiser, alleges no facts that would provide foundation for his own estimate of the current value of the subject property. As Defendants point out, Lewis does not state that he inspected the property or identify the factors he considered in forming his opinion.
SUSTAINED.
Statement 3:
Defendants object to Lewis' statement that, "[a]t the valuation of $600-$625,000, the Pacheco's [sic] would, in my opinion and experience, qualify for a refinance for at least 90% of the value. It is possible that they could refinance at 97% of the current value." Lewis Decl. ¶ 4. Defendants contend that this statement lacks foundation and constitutes improper lay opinion. Lewis does assert that he has two and a half years of experience as a licensed broker with Financial Strategies Mortgage Services and six years of experience as a loan officer "arranging loans for homeowners" in the Soquel, California. Lewis Decl. ¶¶ 1, 2. However, notwithstanding that professional experience, Lewis' conclusion that Plaintiff would qualify for refinancing at 90% or more of the value of the Property lacks foundation and is not based reasonably on his perception. Fed.R.Evid. 602; Fed.R.Evid. 701. Plaintiff offers no evidence that Lewis was aware of or considered the amount of Plaintiff's existing mortgage, credit history, income information, or loan payment record.
SUSTAINED.
2. Purdy declaration Statement 1:
Defendants object to Purdy's statement that, "The broker has valued the property at approximately $600,000 and stated that Mr. Pacheco could readily qualify for a loan to provide the tender amount, at this price point." Purdy Decl. ¶ 4. Defendants contend that Purdy's statement is inadmissible because it (1) constitutes inadmissible hearsay; (2) lacks foundation; and (3) violates the best evidence rule. As discussed above, the alleged statement that the property is worth approximately $600,000 and that Plaintiff could qualify for a loan to provide the tender amount was made by an unidentified broker and the proffered testimony asserts the truth of what Purdy learned from the broker. This is inadmissible hearsay.
SUSTAINED.
3. Plaintiff's declaration Statement 1:
Defendants object to Plaintiff's statement that, "While I am not sure of all the documents I did sign on that day, I am sure these are the only Notices of Right to Cancel I received." Pacheco Decl. ¶ 2 (referring back to two NRC forms with printed dates of October 24, 2005, one of which is signed and bears a hand-written date of October 27, 2005). Defendants contend that Plaintiff's statement is inadmissible because it contradicts his prior deposition testimony. During his deposition on May 29, 2009, Plaintiff testified that he did not remember having seen the NRC dated October 24, 2005. Supplemental Declaration of Karen A. Braje ("Supp. Braje Decl."), Ex. A (Deposition of Plaintiff) at 131:7-132:20 (testifying that he did not remember having seen the NRC dated October 24 although he did recognize his signature and stating that he did not remember whether he received any other NRC forms in the closing process). The Ninth Circuit has held that "[a] party cannot create a genuine issue of material fact to survive summary judgment by contradicting his earlier version of the facts." Block v. City of Los Angeles, 253 F.3d 410, 419 n. 2 (9th Cir. 2001), citing Radobenko v. Automated Equipment Corp, 520 F.2d 540, 544 (9th Cir. 1975) (holding that a summary judgment motion cannot be defeated when the only issue of fact in the proofs results from the inconsistent statements made by plaintiff the deponent and plaintiff the affiant). However, while Block and Radobenko held that inconsistent testimony cannot create a triable issue of fact, they do not address the admissibility of the testimony as such. Whether Plaintiff's statements in fact are inconsistent and the effect of such inconsistency on the instant motion is addressed below.
OVERRULED.
Statement 2:
Plaintiff states that "[a]ccording to the loan documents that [he] received, [he] was charged $9,124.78 in fees and costs for obtaining this loan from MortgageIT." Pacheco Decl. ¶ 3. Defendants contend that Plaintiff's statement is inadmissible because it violates the best evidence rule. The best evidence rule provides that "[t]o prove the content of a writing, recording, or photograph, the original writing, recording, or photograph is required, except as otherwise provided in these rules or by Act of Congress." Fed.R.Evid. 1002; Los Angeles New Service v. CBS, 305 F.3d 924, 935-36 (9th Cir. 2002), as amended by 313 F.3d 1093 (9th Cir. 2002) (concluding that plaintiff's report of what it perceived was insufficient and that plaintiff was required to produce the original or a duplicate or at least to explain why it could not do so.). Plaintiff does not append to his declaration the loan documents to which he refers, nor does he provide any explanation as to why he could not do so. None of the exceptions to the best evidence rule appears to apply. See Fed.R.Evid. 1004, 1005, 1006, 1007 (providing an exception to the best evidence rule when the originals are lost, destroyed, unobtainable, in the possession of opponent, relate to collateral matters, voluminous, the admission of a party, or are of public record).
SUSTAINED.
Statement 3:
Defendants object to Plaintiff's assertion that, "[a]ccording to [his] records, [he] ha[s] paid the following amounts on the loan: $23,436.00 in 2006, $25,193.76 in 2007, $27,083.28 in 2008, and $4,842 in 2009." Pacheco Decl. ¶ 4. Defendants contend that this statement is inadmissible because it contradicts his earlier testimony and because it violates the best evidence rule. Supp. Braje Decl., Ex. B (Plaintiff's Amended Responses to Revised First Set of Requests for Production of Documents) at 10 (asserting that after a diligent search and reasonable inquiry Plaintiff was unable to locate any responsive documents to Defendants' requests for all documents and/or communications relating to the current balance on the loan and the last payment on the loan). As discussed above, see supra III.A.3.1, the fact that Plaintiff's declaration may contradict his prior admission does not make the statement inadmissible, but any inconsistency properly is considered in determining the merits of the instant motion. Block, 253 F.3d at 419 n. 2. However, the Court agrees with Defendants that the statement violates the best evidence rule.
SUSTAINED.
1. TILA Rescission Claim
B. Merits a. Right to rescind
Plaintiff alleges that Defendants violated 15 U.S.C. § 1635 and 12 C.F.R. § 226.23 ("Regulation Z") by failing to provide Plaintiff with two copies of the NRC that clearly and conspicuously disclosed the date of the transaction and the date that the statutory rescission period expired. SAC ¶ 31. TILA requires a creditor to provide a borrower notice of his right to rescind the agreement within three days of its execution. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(a). It is undisputed that the Loan was funded on November 9, 2005. However, the parties do dispute: (1) whether the NRC's that Plaintiff actually received were materially defective because they indicated a transaction date of October 24, 2005 and a signing date of October 27, 2005; and (2) whether the copies of the NRC offered by Defendants which bear a signature date of November 4, 2005 actually was signed by Plaintiff on that date, or, as asserted by Plaintiff, on November 7, 2005.
With respect to the first dispute Defendants offer two copies of a signed NRC with a transaction and signature date of November 4, 2005 and a rescission date of November 8, 2005. Campbell Decl., Ex. B. The form states in relevant part that "[by] signing below, I, the undersigned, hereby acknowledge that on the date listed above I received two (2) completed copies of this notice of right to cancel in the form prescribed by law advising me of my right to cancel this transaction." Id. Written acknowledgment of receipt creates a rebuttable presumption that Defendants delivered two properly completed NRC forms. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(c).
Plaintiff asserts that when he signed the Loan documents he received "a pre-copied set of loan documents, all signed. Included in this set of the loan documents were two Notice of Right to Cancel forms with printed dates of October 24, 2005. One of the two forms is signed and has a hand-written date of October 27, 2005. Neither of these forms indicates the last day on which I could exercise my right to rescind the loan." Pacheco Decl. ¶ 2. Plaintiff also appends a copy of two NRC forms issued by MortgageIT, both of which bear a printed date of transaction of October 24, 2005 and one of which is signed and dated October 27, 2005.
However, Plaintiff's possession of NRC's with the October dates is not necessarily inconsistent with his receipt of accurate NRC's dated November 4, 2005. In fact, it is undisputed that Plaintiff, as part of his initial disclosures, produced copies of NRC's signed and dated November 4, 2005. Supp. Braje Decl., ¶ 11, Ex. C (two copies of NRC dated November 4, 2005).
Defendants suggest in their reply papers that the October 24 documents may relate to an earlier aborted attempt by Plaintiff to obtain refinancing. There is no evidence in the record supporting this suggestion.
In his opposition to the instant motion, Plaintiff asserts that "[w]hile I am not sure of all the documents I did sign on that day, I am sure these are the only Notices of Right to Cancel I received." Pacheco Decl. ¶ 2 (referring to two NRC forms with printed transaction dates of October 24, 2005, one of which is signed and has a hand-written date of October 27, 2005). This statement is contradicted by Plaintiff's own prior deposition testimony. During his deposition on May 29, 2009, Plaintiff testified that he did not remember having seen the NRC dated October 24, 2005 and also stated that he did not remember whether he received any other NRC forms in the closing process. Supplemental Declaration of Karen A. Braje ("Supp. Braje Decl."), Ex. A (Deposition of Plaintiff) at 131:7-132:20 (testifying that he did not remember whether he received any other NRC forms in the closing process). "A party cannot create a genuine issue of material fact to survive summary judgment by contradicting his earlier version of the facts. Block v. City of Los Angeles, 253 F.3d 410, 419 n. 2 (9th Cir. 2001), citing Radobenko v. Automated Equipment Corp, 520 F.2d 540 (9th Cir. 1975) (holding that a summary judgment motion cannot be defeated when the only issue of fact in the proofs results from the inconsistent statements made by plaintiff the deponent and plaintiff the affiant).
The second dispute between the parties concerns the actual date of Plaintiff's signature on the Loan documents. Defendants argue that the apparent signature date of November 4, 2005 establishes that they complied with TILA and provided Plaintiff with the required three-day period during which he could rescind the transaction. Campbell Decl., Ex B (two copies of the NRC reflecting a transaction and signing date of November 4 and the date by which Plaintiff could cancel the contract as November 8). Defendants also present the deposition testimony of Nancy Lindner, the notary who recorded the closing of Plaintiff's Loan. Lindner testified that the closing occurred on November 4, and that Plaintiff signed the Loan documents in her presence on that date. Lindner Depo. 32:19-24 ("Q. Can you read us the entry relating to Plaintiff Carlos Pacheco in your notary public journal on Exhibit 3? A. It shows that I dated and signed the day that he was in and signed his loan documents, which was November 4, 2005."); 37:18-25 ("Q. Would it have been your custom and practice to date and notarize a document on the date it was not signed? A. No. Q. Would it have been your custom and practice to notarize a document if the signatory person was not present? A. No."); Ex. 3 (Lindner's Log Book) (reflecting an entry on November 4, 2005 and Plaintiff's signature).
In response, Plaintiff submits his own declaration in which he states that "[o]n November 7, 2005, [he] flew to Southern California and drove to the office of the Real Estate Loan Centers in Apple Valley, California, to sign loan documents to secure a home loan from MortgageIT in the amount of $607,200.00." Pacheco Decl. ¶ 2. The date of Plaintiff's signature on the Loan documents, including the NRC's, is a material fact. The NRC's offered by Defendants notify the borrower that he may cancel the loan by November 8, 2005. If Plaintiff in fact signed the Loan documents on November 7, 2005, his "right to rescind the transaction until midnight of the third business day following the consummation of the transaction" would not have been disclosed clearly and conspicuously as required by TILA. 15 U.S.C. § 1635. Defendants do not dispute that this issue is material but they argue that Plaintiff's statement is only a "self-serving declaration i[n] an effort to create a triable issue of fact as to the existence of a TILA violation." However, there is no "prohibition against considering all affidavits that are self-serving." Jones v. Tozzi, No. 1:05-CV-0148 OWW DLB, 2007 WL 433116, at *11 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 7, 2007) (explaining that the Ninth Circuit "merely permits a court to disregard self-serving affidavits which are contradicted by the Plaintiff's own prior statements and other forms of undisputed evidence."), citing Kennedy v. Applause, Inc., 90 F.3d 1477, 1481 (9th Cir. 1996). In this instance, Plaintiff's sworn statement is not contradicted by his own prior testimony or by undisputed evidence. While it has grave doubts about Plaintiff's statement in light of Lindner's deposition testimony, the Court may not weigh evidence on a motion for summary judgment.
b. Three-day rescission period
TILA provides a borrower with a three-day period within which to rescind a transaction. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(a). Defendants contend that because Plaintiff did not rescind the transaction within three days, the instant action is time-barred. However, when a defendant does not comply with TILA's disclosure requirements, the borrower's right to demand rescission extends for three years. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f). It is undisputed that Plaintiff sent a notice of rescission to MortgageIT and Homecomings in April 2007 and instituted this action on May 15, 2008. Because there is a genuine issue of material fact as to Defendants' compliance with Section 1635(a), the Court concludes that the question of whether Plaintiff's rescission claim is time-barred cannot be determined on summary judgment.
c. Ability to tender
The Ninth Circuit has held that it is within a district court's "discretion to condition rescission on tender by the borrower of the property he had received from the lender." Yamamoto v. Bank of New York, 329 F.3d 1167, 1171 (9th Cir. 2003) (citation omitted). In affirming a district court's grant of summary judgment based upon plaintiff's failure to demonstrate an ability to tender following rescission, the circuit court reasoned:
[T[here is no reason why a court that may alter the sequence of procedures after deciding that rescission is warranted, may not do so before deciding that rescission is warranted when it finds that, assuming grounds for rescission exist, rescission still could not be enforced because the borrower cannot comply with the borrower's rescission obligations no matter what. Such a decision lies within the court's equitable discretion, taking into consideration all the circumstances including the nature of the violations and the borrower's ability to repay the proceeds. If, as was the case here, it is clear from the evidence that the borrower lacks capacity to pay back what she has received (less interest, finance charges, etc.), the court does not lack discretion to do before trial what it could do after.Id. at 1173 (emphasis in original).
Plaintiff concedes that the only way he will be able to obtain the funds necessary to effect tender is to refinance his home. Pacheco Depo. 160:3-7; 162:18-163:6. He asserts that he can qualify for refinancing based upon the current value of the property and that he will be able to tender if he succeeds on his rescission claim. However, Plaintiff offers no admissible evidence that would create a genuine issue of material fact with respect to his ability to tender. See III.A.1, 2 (sustaining Defendants' objections to the statements by Purdy and Lewis concerning the value of the property and Plaintiff's ability to refinance).
Even considering the inadmissible evidence submitted on his behalf, Plaintiff fails to establish a genuine issue of material fact upon which a reasonable jury could find in his favor. Lewis, a licensed broker and loan officer, makes three relevant statements: (1) "I arranged for a preliminary appraisal review by an independent appraiser last week. The valuation came in at $600,000 to $625,000," Lewis Decl. ¶ 3; (2) "This comports with my estimate of the current value as well," id.; (3) "At the valuation of $600-$625,000, the Pacheco's would, in my opinion and experience, qualify for a refinance for at least 90% of the value. It is possible they could refinance at 97% of the current value. My opinion on this is based on programs available in the marketplace as of this date." Id. ¶ 4. Plaintiff presents no evidence that Lewis inspected the property before providing an estimated value. Moreover, Plaintiff does not demonstrate that Lewis considered any of the other relevant factors in determining whether Plaintiff would qualify for a loan (e.g., Plaintiff's credit history, income, or loan payment record). At oral argument, Plaintiff's counsel acknowledged that Lewis did not consider lending criteria other than the purported value of the property.
Alternatively, Plaintiff urges the Court to exercise its discretion under Yamamoto, and deny summary judgment based solely on his present inability to tender. Plaintiff points to Yamamoto's direction that a district court should make this determination "on a case-by-case basis, in light of the record adduced." Yamamoto, 329 F.3d at 1173. He argues that the circumstances and nature of his loan have yet to be proved and that Defendants have not explained why they failed to honor his rescission demand. However, the evidence in the record is otherwise. In a letter dated August 3, 2007, MortgageIT explained that it believed that there was no basis for rescission because the loan file contained dated copies of the NRC which were signed and acknowledged as having been received by Plaintiff on November 4, 2005. Campbell Decl. ¶ 6, Ex. C (August 3, 2007 Letter from Mary Doherty, Deputy General Counsel for MortgageIT, to William J. Purdy, III, Plaintiff's Counsel). The assertions in this letter are fully consistent with Defendants' arguments in support of the instant motion. Defendants also offer their own Broker Price Opinion dated November 19, 2009 that estimates the value of the property at approximately $455,000. Aguirre Decl. ¶ 7., Ex. A (BPO prepared by Ed Nosrati of eMortgage estimating the value of the Property at $455,000 on November 19, 2009). Even accepting Plaintiff's calculation of the tender amount — $517,520.18 — it appears from the only admissible evidence that Plaintiff would not be able to refinance the property at a value sufficient to generate proceeds in this amount.
At the end of the day, Plaintiff "will not be entitled to rescission" unless he can tender the principal balance of the loan. See Clemens v. J.P. Morgan Chase Nat. Corporate Services, Inc., No. 09-3365 EMC, 2009 WL 4507742, at *5 (N.D.Cal. Dec. 1, 2009). Accordingly, and particularly given the weakness of the evidence Plaintiff does present, it makes little sense to let the instant rescission claim proceed to trial and needlessly deplete the resources of the parties and the Court. Pursuant to the Court's discretion under Yamamoto, the motion for summary judgment will be granted.
Homecomings moves for summary judgment on the additional basis that it is only a former servicer of the loan, and not the originator or an assignee. Aguirre Decl. ¶ 3. TILA does not apply to servicers of a loan. 15 U.S.C. § 1641(a), (c) and (f). Plaintiff does not oppose Homecoming's legal argument. Accordingly, the motion will be granted as to Homecomings on this basis as well.
2. Quiet Title
"The purpose of a quiet title action is to establish one's title against adverse claims to real property. A basic requirement of an action to quiet title is an allegation that plaintiffs `are the rightful owners of the property, i.e., that they have satisfied their obligations under the Deed of Trust.'" Santos v. Countrywide Home Loans, No. Civ. 2:09-02642 WBS DAD, 2009 WL 3756337, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 6, 2009), quoting Kelley v. Mortgage Elec. Reg. Sys., Inc., 642 F.Supp.2d 1048, 1057 (N.D. Cal. 2009). "[A] mortgagor cannot quiet his title against the mortgagee without paying the debt secured." Watson v. MTC Financial, Inc., No. 2:09-CV-01012 JAM-KJM, 2009 WL 2151782, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Jul. 17, 2009), quoting Shimpones v. Stickney, 219 Cal. 637, 649, 28 P.2d 673 (1934); Miller v. Provost, 26 Cal.App. 4th 1703, 1707 (1994) ("[A] mortgagor of real property cannot, without paying his debt, quiet his title against the mortgagee"); Aguilar v. Bocci, 39 Cal.App.3d 475, 477, 39 Cal.App.3d 475 (1974) ("The cloud upon . . . title persist until the debt is paid"). As discussed above, see supra III.B.1.C, Plaintiff concedes that he has not paid the debt secured by the mortgage and does not have the present ability to do so. Moreover, Plaintiff does not present evidence that creates a genuine issue of material fact with respect to his ability to tender if rescission were granted. Accordingly, the motion for summary judgment will be granted with respect to Plaintiff's quiet title claim.
Defendants contend that the Court should grant summary judgment in favor of MortgageIT and Homecomings on this claim because neither defendant claims an interest in the Loan or in the title to the property that secures the Loan. Campbell Decl. ¶ 7 (stating that "MortgageIT does not claim any current interest in the Loan or in the title to the property that serves as security for the Loan."); Aguirre Decl. ¶ 9 (asserting that "Homecomings does not claim a current interest in the Loan or in the title to the property that serves as security for the Loan."). In order to succeed on a claim for quiet title, a plaintiff must provide evidence of "[t]he adverse claims to the title of the plaintiff against which a determination is sought." Cal. Civ. Code. P. 761.020(c). Plaintiff does not present any contrary evidence. Accordingly, because there is no disputed issue of material fact, the Court will grant summary judgment to MortgageIT and Homecomings on this basis as well.
3. Declaratory Relief
Defendants move for summary judgment with respect to Plaintiff's claim for declaratory relief on the basis that it is duplicative of Plaintiff's other claims. Plaintiff offers no opposition to Defendants' arguments. The motion is well-taken. California Ins. Guarantee Assn. v. Superior Court, 231 Cal.App.3d 1617, 1624, 283 Cal.Rptr. 104, 108 (1991) ("The object of the [declaratory relief] statute is to afford a new form of relief where needed and not to furnish a litigant with a second cause of action for the determination of identical issues."); Brittain v. Indymac Bank, No. C-09-2953 SC, 2009 WL 2997394, at *5 (N.D.Cal. Sept. 16, 2009), ("[T]his `cause of action' is ultimately a request for relief [and], in order to weigh it the Court must look to the underlying claims."), citing Weiner v. Klais and Co., Inc., 108 F.3d 86, 92 (6th Cir. 1997).
IV. ORDER
Good cause therefor appearing, Defendants' motion for summary judgment is GRANTED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.