ROSELLINI and WRIGHT, JJ., dissent by separate opinion. Review of a decision of the Court of Appeals, March 12, 1973, 8 Wn. App. 510. Reversed.
It has also been held in a Washington test that the incidence of a tax "is its impact, effect, or imposition upon the person, property or transaction that bears the ultimate money burden." P. Lorillard Co. v. City of Seattle, 8 Wn. App. 510, 507 P.2d 1212, 1216 (1973). In the case of Railway Express Agency, Inc. v. Virginia, 358 U.S. 434, 439, 79 S.Ct. 411, 415, 3 L.Ed.2d 450 (1959), the Supreme Court used the term in connection with a Virginia franchise tax measured by gross receipts from transportation within the state — through the state or into or out of the state.
"Preemption indicates a complete take-over of a field . . . to the exclusion of all interference . . ." P. Lorillard Co. v. Seattle, 8 Wn. App. 510, 507 P.2d 1212, 1216 (1973). Preemption does not mean, as Xerox maintains, that contracts are necessarily unenforceable; it merely means that federal, rather than state law, applies.
Pacific First Fed. Sav. Loan Ass'n v. Pierce County, 27 Wn.2d 347, 178 P.2d 351 (1947). P. Lorillard Co. v. Seattle, 8 Wn. App. 510, 507 P.2d 1212 (1973). We do not believe that the power to operate an airporter service is implied in or incident to those powers expressly granted or essential to the purposes of the Port by RCW 53.08.020.
It is a special freedom from taxation imposed upon others, a dispensation. P. Lorillard Company v. City of Seattle, 8 Wn. App. 510, 507 P.2d 1212 (1973). This is the sense in which the word "exempt" is customarily used in the statutes of this State. in 1969, by Chapter 528, Section 18, 1969 Session Laws, certain kinds of milk, meat, and fish products were exempted from sales tax.