Opinion
2011-12-20
Alicja OZUGOWSKI, etc., appellant, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, defendant,New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, respondent.
Gary Greenwald, Chester, N.Y. (David A. Brodsky and Marc Leffler of counsel), for appellant. Michael A. Cardozo, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Francis F. Caputo and Scott Shorr of counsel), for respondent.
Gary Greenwald, Chester, N.Y. (David A. Brodsky and Marc Leffler of counsel), for appellant. Michael A. Cardozo, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Francis F. Caputo and Scott Shorr of counsel), for respondent.
PETER B. SKELOS, J.P., ARIEL E. BELEN, PLUMMER E. LOTT, and JEFFREY A. COHEN, JJ.
In an action, inter alia, to recover damages for medical malpractice and wrongful death, etc., the plaintiff appeals from (1) an order of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Flug, J.), dated March 19, 2010, which granted the motion of the defendant New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it, and (2) a judgment of the same court entered July 8, 2010, which, upon the order, is in favor of the defendant New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation and against her dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against that defendant.
ORDERED that the appeal from the order is dismissed; and it is further,
ORDERED that the judgment is affirmed; and it is further,
ORDERED that one bill of costs is awarded to the respondent.
The appeal from the order must be dismissed because the right of direct appeal therefrom terminated with the entry of judgment in the action ( see Matter of Aho, 39 N.Y.2d 241, 248, 383 N.Y.S.2d 285, 347 N.E.2d 647). The issues raised on the appeal from the order are brought up for review and have been considered on the appeal from the judgment ( see CPLR 5501[a][1] ).
The Supreme Court properly granted the motion of the defendant New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (hereinafter the defendant) for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it. “ ‘Whether to release an institutionalized patient involves a risk of error. A psychiatrist is not required to achieve success in every case.’ Should a psychiatrist fail to predict that a patient will harm himself or herself if released, the psychiatrist cannot be held liable for a mere error in professional judgment” ( Seibert v. Fink, 280 A.D.2d 661, 661, 720 N.Y.S.2d 564 [citation omitted], quoting Schrempf v. State of New York, 66 N.Y.2d 289, 295, 496 N.Y.S.2d 973, 487 N.E.2d 883; see Betty v. City of New York, 65 A.D.3d 507, 509, 884 N.Y.S.2d 439; Weinreb v. Rice, 266 A.D.2d 454, 455, 698 N.Y.S.2d 862). In order for a psychiatrist to be held liable for malpractice based upon a decision made in connection with a patient's treatment or a decision to discharge a patient from a hospital, it must be shown that the treatment decisions represented “something less than a professional medical determination” ( Fotinas v. Westchester County Med. Ctr., 300 A.D.2d 437, 439, 752 N.Y.S.2d 90 [internal quotation marks omitted] ), or that the psychiatrist's decisions were “not the product of a careful evaluation” ( Bell v. New York City Health & Hosps. Corp., 90 A.D.2d 270, 280–281, 456 N.Y.S.2d 787; see Thomas v. Reddy, 86 A.D.3d 602, 927 N.Y.S.2d 377; Betty v. City of New York, 65 A.D.3d at 509, 884 N.Y.S.2d 439; Fotinas v. Westchester County Med. Ctr., 300 A.D.2d at 439, 752 N.Y.S.2d 90; Seibert v. Fink, 280 A.D.2d at 662, 720 N.Y.S.2d 564; Weinreb v. Rice, 266 A.D.2d at 455, 698 N.Y.S.2d 862).
Here, the evidence submitted by the defendant, including the affidavit of an expert psychiatrist, established, prima facie, that the defendant did not depart from the applicable standard of care in connection with its treatment of the plaintiff's decedent, or in connection with the decision to release the decedent from the hospital ( see Betty v. City of New York, 65 A.D.3d at 509, 884 N.Y.S.2d 439; Dunn v. Khan, 62 A.D.3d 828, 829, 880 N.Y.S.2d 653; Fotinas v. Westchester County Med. Ctr., 300 A.D.2d at 439, 752 N.Y.S.2d 90).
In opposition to the defendant's prima facie showing, the plaintiff submitted an affidavit from an expert physician. Initially, although the plaintiff failed to serve a notice of disclosure of her expert physician pursuant to CPLR 3101(d), the defendant failed to show that the Supreme Court improvidently exercised its discretion in considering that expert's affidavit, under the circumstances herein ( see Saldivar v. I.J. White Corp., 46 A.D.3d 660, 661, 847 N.Y.S.2d 224). However, the plaintiff's expert physician, an internist and cardiologist licensed to practice medicine in Illinois, failed to establish a proper foundation for his opinion as to the psychiatric treatment of the plaintiff's decedent. “While it is true that a medical expert need not be a specialist in a particular field in order to testify regarding accepted practices in that field ... the witness nonetheless should be possessed of the requisite skill, training, education, knowledge or experience from which it can be assumed that the opinion rendered is reliable” ( Postlethwaite v. United Health Servs. Hosps., 5 A.D.3d 892, 895, 773 N.Y.S.2d 480 [citations and internal quotation marks omitted] ). “Thus, where a physician opines outside his or her area of specialization, a foundation must be laid tending to support the reliability of the opinion rendered” ( Mustello v. Berg, 44 A.D.3d 1018, 1019, 845 N.Y.S.2d 86; see Behar v. Coren, 21 A.D.3d 1045, 1046–1047, 803 N.Y.S.2d 629). Here, the plaintiff's expert physician failed to establish the requisite foundation for the opinion offered in the area of psychiatry ( see Mustello v. Berg, 44 A.D.3d at 1019, 845 N.Y.S.2d 86; Behar v. Coren, 21 A.D.3d at 1046, 803 N.Y.S.2d 629). Moreover, the affidavit of the plaintiff's expert physician failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to whether the defendant's staff failed to make a careful evaluation of the decedent, as per the applicable standard of care, in connection with their treatment of the decedent and the discharge of the decedent ( see Betty v. City of New York, 65 A.D.3d at 509, 884 N.Y.S.2d 439; Dunn v. Khan, 62 A.D.3d at 829–830, 880 N.Y.S.2d 653).
Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly granted the defendant's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it.