Opinion
Docket No. 82564.
Decided December 16, 1985. Leave to appeal applied for.
Tolley, Fisher Verwys, P.C. (by Mark H. Verwys and Paul L. Nelson), for plaintiff.
Loomis, Ewert, Ederer, Parsley, Davis Gotting (by Jack C. Davis, Jeffrey W. Bracken and Terry A. Dake), for defendants.
On October 2, 1984, the plaintiff, Omega Construction Company, Inc., filed a complaint in Ingham County Circuit Court. The first count of the complaint sought a declaratory judgment, finding that disputes arising out of the construction contracts with defendants were subject to arbitration. The second and third counts sought, as an alternative to the first count, damages for breach of contract and contract-related torts. On November 9, 1984, the defendants filed a motion for summary judgment pursuant to GCR 1963, 117.2(3) [now MCR 2.116(C)(10)]. On January 10, 1985, Ingham County Circuit Court Judge Thomas L. Brown granted the defendants' motion for summary judgment on Count I, holding that the defendants had not waived in the contract documents their right to judicial process and trial and the parties are stayed from arbitration in Michigan. The parties voluntarily dismissed the other two counts; and on January 23, 1985, Judge Brown filed his final order. The plaintiff now appeals as of right.
The only issue raised on appeal is whether the trial court properly granted summary judgment to the defendants on Count I of the complaint. The trial court granted defendants summary judgment based on GCR 1963, 117.2(3), finding that there was no material issue of fact and that defendants were therefore entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law.
The standard for granting motions for summary judgment brought under subrule 117.2(3) is well settled. In determining whether such motions should be granted, reference must be made to any evidence in the case, including depositions, affidavits, admissions and pleadings. Once these documents are reviewed, the court must ascertain whether there is a dispute as to any material fact. Anderson v Kemper Ins Co, 128 Mich. App. 249; 340 N.W.2d 87 (1983). The court should give the benefit of any reasonable doubt to the nonmoving party, being liberal in finding a question as to a material fact. Rizzo v Kretschemer, 389 Mich. 363; 207 N.W.2d 316 (1973). The Court must be satisfied that no factual development is possible which would support the nonmoving party's claim. Royal Globe Ins Co v Great American Ins Corp, 118 Mich. App. 735; 325 N.W.2d 556 (1982).
The relevant evidence in this case consists primarily of the contract documents.
On November 29, 1983, Omega entered into a contract with defendants, Joel Altman, as president of Altman Development Company, and the Arbor Club. The contract stated that it was "being signed based on plans and drawings prepared by the architect". The contract further stated:
"Seciton [sic] 1.03. Master Drawings and Specifications A master set of the aforesaid Drawings and Specifications, initialled by the parties hereto and by the Development's Architect, and the contractor's Surety or Guarantor will be placed on file with the Architect, and such master set hereof shall govern in all matters which arise with respect to such Drawings and Specifications."
Similarly, the construction contract between Omega and Altman, on behalf of defendant Lakepointe, provided that it was "being signed based on preliminary plans and drawings prepared by the Architect". The contract between Omega and Lakepointe further stated:
"Section 1.01, Contract Documents. * * * At such time as the final working drawings and specifications are arrived at, they shall be considered part of the Contract Documents for purposes of this Agreement, and shall be initialled by all the parties to this agreement, and the Architect, at the closing of the Mortgage being entered into to finance the construction of the above-referenced Development.
* * *
"Section 1.03. Master Drawings and Specifications. A master set of the aforesaid Drawings and Specifications, initialled by the parties hereto and by the Development's Architect, and the Contractor's Surety or Guarantor will be placed on file with the Architect, and such master set, as amended from time to time pursuant to Section 1.05 hereof shall govern in all matters which arise with respect to such Drawings and Specifications."
On appeal, the defendants admit that these provisions incorporate the architect's specifications and plans into the parties' contracts.
The architect's specifications and plans were contained in the "Project Manual" which was drafted by the architect, rather than by any of the parties to this appeal.
The title page of the project manual was signed by the parties. The parties agree that the project manual, § 00700, states:
"August 1976 Thirteenth Edition of `General Conditions of Contract for Construction' A.I.A. Document A201, as published by American Institute of Architects, is hereby made a part of these specifications."
Article 7, Miscellaneous Provisions, of AIA Document A201 provided for arbitration of disputes:
"7.9.1 All claims, disputes and other matters in question between the Contractor and the Owner arising out of, or relating to, the Contract Documents or the breach thereof, except as provided in Subparagraph 2.2.11 with respect to the Architect's decisions on matters relating to artistic effect, and except for claims which have been waived by the making or acceptance of final payment as provided by Subparagraphs 9.9.4 and 9.9.5, shall be decided by arbitration in accordance with the Construction Industry Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association then obtaining unless the parties mutually agree otherwise."
Defendant Joel Altman stated by affidavit that it was never the intent of Lakepointe or the Arbor Club to have disputes under the contract arbitrated. Harold DeYoung, the president of the plaintiff corporation, stated by affidavit that it was his understanding that the documents incorporated AIA document A201. The defendants' brief asserts that the architect stated by affidavit that reference to AIA general conditions (document A201) was not for the purpose of incorporating the arbitration clause. However, the only affidavit contained in the trial record signed by the architect does not support defendants' assertion.
Plaintiff contends that the arbitration clause set forth above was incorporated by reference into the parties' contract when the parties signed the cover sheet of the project manual. Defendants claim that an arbitration agreement cannot be incorporated by reference unless there is clear and unambiguous language contained in the contract stating that this is the intent of the parties. Neither the project manual nor the contracts state that the arbitration clause was to be incorporated into the contracts.
Michigan's public policy favors arbitration in the resolution of disputes. Arbitration clauses in contracts are to be liberally construed. Any doubts about the arbitrability of an issue should be resolved in favor of arbitration. Campbell v Community Service Ins Co, 73 Mich. App. 416, 419; 251 N.W.2d 297 (1977).
It is well settled that arbitration is a matter of contract. A party cannot be required to arbitrate an issue which he has not agreed to submit to arbitration. Kaleva-Norman-Dickson School Dist v Kaleva-Norman-Dickson School Teachers' Ass'n, 393 Mich. 583, 587; 227 N.W.2d 500 (1975); Grand Rapids v Grand Rapids Lodge No 97, Fraternal Order of Police, 415 Mich. 628, 635; 330 N.W.2d 52 (1982).
In the present case the disputed arbitration clause was not contained in the contract, but in a separate document, the project manual.
Our Supreme Court, in Arrow Sheet Metal Works, Inc v Bryant Detwiler Co, 338 Mich. 68, 78; 61 N.W.2d 125 (1953), was confronted with a subcontract entered into between the defendant general contractor and plaintiff subcontractor which provided that the work was to be done according to the plans and specifications of the architects and engineers. The plans and specifications were incorporated into the general contract between Ford Motor Company and defendant general contractor and indicated in detail the manner in which the construction work was to be performed. A dispute arose between the defendant general contractor and the plaintiff subcontractor concerning whether the "time is of the essence" clause contained in the general contract was incorporated by reference into the subcontract. After determining the reason why the parties referred to the drawings and specifications in the subcontract, the Court concluded that the "time is of the essence" provision was not incorporated into the subcontract. The Court held that "in the case of subcontracts, as in other cases of express agreements in writing, a reference by the contracting parties to an extraneous writing for a particular purpose makes it a part of their agreement only for the purposes specified". 338 Mich. 78.
Applying the holding of Arrow to the facts presented, we find that the parties referred to the architect's drawings and specifications for a limited purpose. The parties did not agree to incorporate the architect's dispute resolution procedures, nor any other matters contained in the project manual except the architect's drawings and specifications. Defendants were therefore entitled to summary judgment on Count I.
When the trial court granted summary judgment on Count I, thereby denying arbitration, it did not issue an opinion explaining the reasons for its decision. The trial court, however, did orally indicate that arbitration in Michigan was to be stayed because defendants had not waived in the contract documents their right to judicial process and trial.
The defendants were entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law on the ground that the parties' contracts did not incorporate the arbitration clause in the project manual. We reject the reasoning used by the trial court in support of its granting summary judgment. The trial court's reasoning in support of its ruling was incorrect because the trial court had to assume that the arbitration clause in the project manual was also incorporated by reference before reaching the question whether there was a waiver of a constitutional right of judicial process and trial.
Affirmed on the basis of reasons stated herein.