Opinion
Docket No. 23591.
Decided February 11, 1976. Leave to appeal applied for.
Appeal from Macomb, Edward J. Gallagher, J. Submitted October 11, 1975, at Detroit. (Docket No. 23591.) Decided February 11, 1976. Leave to appeal applied for.
Complaint by Stephen Okros against Raymond D. Myslakowski in quo warranto, challenging defendant's right to hold office as Macomb County Commissioner. Default judgment for plaintiff. Defendant appeals. Affirmed.
Hess, Tranchida Houghton, for plaintiff.
Honigman, Miller, Schwartz Cohn (by Carl Marlinga), for defendant.
Before: BRONSON, P.J., and BASHARA and M.F. CAVANAGH, JJ.
Defendant appeals from a default judgment. The plaintiff brought a quo warranto action, GCR 1963, 715.1(2), challenging the right of the defendant to hold office as a county commissioner in Macomb County Commission District No. 2. The complaint alleged that the defendant, who was a candidate for the office of commissioner, was neither a resident nor registered voter in the district as required by state law. MCLA 46.411; MSA 5.539(11). Therefore, the defendant's nomination in the Democratic primary and subsequent election to office were void.
Prior to June 18, 1974, the defendant was not a resident of the district. On that date he alleges that he entered into a lease agreement to rent a room from one Virginia Brill Franks. Mrs. Franks denied there ever was an agreement. By the August primary the defendant had established residency at another location in the district.
The defendant filed for the office of commissioner June 18, 1974. Two days later he registered to vote.
On January 27, 1975, this action was instituted against the defendant. Defendant failed to file an answer and a default judgment was entered. Defendant argues that the trial judge abused his discretion in refusing to set aside the default judgment.
A default judgment may be set aside in accordance with the provisions set forth in GCR 1963, 520.4 and 528. Albro Leasing, Inc v Sylvester, 40 Mich. App. 227, 229; 198 N.W.2d 437 (1972). Where no question of jurisdiction is raised in the proceedings, it is incumbent upon the defendant to show good cause and a meritorious defense supported by an affidavit of facts. Mission Investment Co v Perfect Totalisator Corp, 51 Mich. App. 376, 379; 214 N.W.2d 898 (1974), GCR 1963, 520.4.
The definition of good cause that has generally been adopted by Michigan courts is that taken from 2 Honigman Hawkins, Michigan Court Rules Annotated, 2d ed, p 662.
"Good cause within the meaning of this provision would seem to include (1) a substantial defect or irregularity in proceedings upon which the default was based, (2) a reasonable excuse for failure to comply with the requirements which created the default, or (3) some other reason showing that manifest injustice would result from permitting the default to stand."
See also McDonald v Kersten, 24 Mich. App. 681, 684; 180 N.W.2d 810 (1970), and Butler v Cann, 62 Mich. App. 663, 667-668; 233 N.W.2d 827 (1975). There is no allegation of substantial defect or irregularity in the proceedings. Therefore, we will analyze the factual situation in terms of reasonable excuse and manifest injustice to determine whether the defendant has shown good cause to justify setting aside the default judgment.
Defendant suggests that his failure to file an answer can be reasonably excused on the ground that a misunderstanding occurred between his counsel and plaintiff's counsel. Defense counsel initially refused to represent the defendant due to a prior unresolved fee dispute. Defense counsel contacted plaintiff's attorney and explained that until the fee dispute was settled, he would take no action in behalf of the defendant. Plaintiff's counsel informed defendant's attorney that he would allow him a reasonable time to clarify his status as counsel for the defendant. Acting on this representation defense counsel told the defendant that he would have a reasonable time to resolve the fee dispute or obtain another attorney with regard to the 20-day limit for answering the complaint.
Defendant's attorney failed to obtain a stipulation from plaintiff's counsel for filing an answer, GCR 1963, 507.9, or an extension from the circuit judge. GCR 1963, 108.7(2). Although defense counsel acted with a good faith belief that there was an understanding to defer entry of default, his neglect or omission is not adequate grounds for setting aside a default judgment. Badalow v Evenson, 62 Mich. App. 750, 754; 233 N.W.2d 708 (1975). His omission is attributable to the client. White v Sadler, 350 Mich. 511; 87 N.W.2d 192 (1957).
Moreover, the defendant is not entirely blameless as recognized by the trial judge:
"As a matter of fact, while you may advance argument of poverty and things like that, Mr. Myslakowski was in the building and Mr. Myslakowski knows what makes the wheels go around. I will not set aside the default." It appears that during the 29 days between the service of the complaint and the filing of the default, defendant took no action to resolve the fee dispute, retain other counsel or notify the court. Defendant has failed to show a reasonable excuse for failure to comply with the requirements which created the default.
We next consider whether manifest injustice would result from allowing the judgment to stand. Different panels of our Court have analyzed manifest injustice in terms of an unconscionable result, Albro Leasing, Inc v Sylvester, supra, McDonough v General Motors Corp, 6 Mich. App. 239; 148 N.W.2d 911 (1967), lv den 379 Mich. 763 (1967), or undue hardship on the defendant. McDonald v Kersten, supra. These are imprecise standards which provide little guidance. However, we believe that removing a duly elected public official from office without a hearing when he may have a meritorious defense approaches what may be termed the abstract standard of manifest injustice. We therefore proceed to determine whether the defendant has presented a meritorious defense.
MCLA 46.411; MSA 5.359(11), provides in relevant part:
"Candidates for the office of commissioner shall be residents and registered voters of the district which they seek to represent * * *."
Defendant argues that his status as a candidate with regard to residency and voter requirements are determined as of the date of the primary. We disagree.
One becomes a candidate when he files for election to office. City of Grand Rapids v Harper, 32 Mich. App. 324, 329-330; 188 N.W.2d 668 (1971), lv den 385 Mich. 761 (1971). MCLA 46.411; MSA 5.359(11), clearly mandates a candidate for commissioner be a registered voter in the district he seeks to represent. Defendant concedes he had not registered to vote when he filed for the position of commissioner. Therefore, the defendant was ineligible as a candidate for commissioner in Macomb County. His nomination and subsequent election were void. We find that defendant has failed to present a meritorious defense.
Affirmed and the order staying enforcement of the judgment is terminated.
No costs, a public question.