Opinion
No. 20655. Department One.
November 28, 1927.
APPEAL (329) — RECORD — FAILURE TO FILE IN TIME — EXCUSE FOR DELAY. An appeal will not be dismissed for failure to file the transcript and brief until after the time prescribed by law, due to inadvertence or excusable neglect, where they were filed prior to the hearing of the motion to dismiss.
SET-OFF AND COUNTER CLAIM (7) — NATURE OF INDEBTEDNESS OR LIABILITY IN GENERAL. An offset to a liability on contract does not fail merely because the party breaches the contract.
SALES (47) — RESCISSION — BY SELLER — NON-PAYMENT OF PRICE — QUESTION FOR JURY. The failure to promptly pay an installment due for goods sold and delivered, is not, as a matter of law, a breach of the contract, warranting its cancellation, where the contract is generally held to be severable, and there was a sharp conflict in the evidence as to the reason for the cancellation.
Appeal from a judgment of the superior court for Yakima county, Hawkins, J., entered September 13, 1926, in favor of the plaintiff, notwithstanding the verdict of a jury for the defendants upon their offsets, in an action on contract. Reversed.
Richards, Gilbert Conklin, for appellants.
Alex M. Winston, for respondent.
The plaintiff, a corporation, brought this suit against the defendants, doing business under the trade name of Penn Oil Company, claiming that, in pursuance of an oral contract, it sold to them certain lubricating oil, and that there was a balance due of $833.52. The defendants answered, claiming certain credits and offsets, and the cause was tried to the court with a jury.
Both sides admit that the arrangements made and the contract entered into, whatever its terms, was oral. There seems to be little dispute about many of the salient features of the contract, which provided that the defendants should be the exclusive distributing agents for the territory included in the Yakima valley; that the oil was to be delivered f.o.b. Yakima; that the defendants were to pay the freight charges and be reimbursed therefor. The testimony of both sides conclusively shows that some arrangement was made concerning the drums or containers in which the oil was shipped; the defendants claiming the right to be reimbursed for the purchase price of these drums, less freight from Yakima to Spokane. The testimony conclusively shows that the defendants incurred some expense relative to advertising, and claimed the right to be reimbursed by reason of the termination of their contract.
The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $357.26. By special interrogatories submitted to the jury, they allowed the defendants on their set-off or counterclaim for the loss of the drums, $219.00; for expense of placing advertising signs, $57.75; for pumps installed by them, $78.00, and for five-gallon cans sold or given away, $10.50. Plaintiff made a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, for the full amount sued for, less the admitted freight items, and in the alternative for a new trial. Judgment notwithstanding the verdict was granted by the trial court.
[1] At the outset, we are confronted with a motion to dismiss the appeal for the reason that the transcript of record was not filed in this court, and appellants' brief was not served and filed until long after the time prescribed by law. The affidavit of appellant brings the case squarely within the rule announced in Picco v. Roney, 107 Wn. 202, 181 P. 522; State v. Terrien, 111 Wn. 345, 190 P. 1017; Peterson v. Peterson, 113 Wn. 317, 194 P. 380, and Wellman v. Jensen, 123 Wn. 310, 212 P. 183. The motion to dismiss is therefore denied.
If we have followed correctly the reasoning which caused the granting of the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, it is because of the fact that the contract, being in substance one where goods were sold to be delivered from time to time and paid for as delivered, failure to pay any certain installment promptly constitutes a breach of the agreement and permits the injured party to abrogate the contract, and deprives the other party of both off-sets and counterclaims.
[2] Two of the items pleaded by the appellants are, strictly speaking, offsets; first, the freight claimed in the amount of $108.37, and conceded by respondent; and second, the amount due for oil drums fixed by the jury at $219. In addition to the direct testimony of appellants that they were to be allowed credit for the drums, we find, on certain of the bills sent by the respondent to the appellants, the following stamp:
"Please note that we cannot allow full credit for drums returned unless they are in condition which will permit of our re-filling with lubricating oil for reshipment,"
which, to our minds, is conclusive evidence to the effect that some arrangement had been made in this oral contract as to the return of the oil drums, and the credit to be allowed therefor. It thus became a matter for the jury.
No authority has been cited that an offset fails regardless of who may have breached the contract, and we can conceive of no reason for such a rule. Indeed, as to the first item of the offset, namely, the freight advanced by appellants, the correctness of the offset was conceded.
In addition thereto the record shows that the item of the drums was not included in the request for a directed verdict; rather it seems to have been conceded by counsel that the question of the drums and the credit to be allowed therefor became a matter for the jury by reason of the stamped portion of the bills which we have above quoted.
[3] As to the second class of items, namely, the advertising, consisting of oil cans given away, pumps of a certain style and character furnished dealers for advertising purposes, and the placing of signs, these are, strictly speaking, counter-claims; and it becomes important to determine whether or not the court can say, as a matter of law, that the appellants had breached the contract. Failure to pay promptly may or may not excuse performance and warrant cancellation of this kind of a contract, depending on the circumstances of each particular case, and such a contract is generally held to be severable. West v. Bechtel, 125 Mich. 144, 84 N.W. 69; Hansen Linehan v. Consumers' Steam Heating Co., 73 Iowa 77; Hibernian Baking Ass'n v. Eckhart Swan Milling Co., 140 Ill. App. 479; Longfellow v. Huffman, 55 Ore. 481, 104 P. 961; Osgood v. Bauder, 75 Iowa 550, 39 N.W. 887.
The record shows a sharp conflict in the evidence as to the reasons for the cancellation of the contract. It thus became a question of fact for the jury.
The cause is reversed, with instructions to the lower court to pass on the motion for a new trial.
MACKINTOSH, C.J., PARKER, MITCHELL, and TOLMAN, JJ., concur.