Summary
In Norwin School Dist. v. Chlodney, 37 Pa. 284 (390 A.2d 328) (1978), a reduction from full-time to half time status with a corresponding decrease in pay amounted to a demotion.
Summary of this case from Ellis-Adams v. Whitfield County Board of EducationOpinion
Argued May 4, 1978
August 22, 1978.
Schools — Demotion of professional employe — Appeal — Public School Code of 1949, Act 1949, March 10, P.L. 30 — Local Agency Law, Act 1968, December 2, P.L. 1133 — Words and phrases — Suspension — Demotion — Reduction to part-time status — Hearing — Reinstatement.
1. An appeal from action of a school board suspending a professional employe is governed by provisions of the Local Agency Law, Act 1968, December 2, P.L. 1133, but an appeal from action demoting such an employe is governed by provisions of the Public School Code of 1949, Act 1949, March 10, P.L. 30. [285-6]
2. The suspension of a professional employe under the Public School Code of 1949, Act 1949, March 10, P.L. 30, involves an impermanent separation, a furlough or a lay-off, as opposed to a demotion which occurs as the result of a reduction in salary or an unfavorable change of position. [286]
3. A full-time professional employe who is reduced to part-time status with a corresponding reduction in pay and responsibilities has suffered a demotion and under the Public School Code of 1949, Act 1949, March 10, P.L. 30, is entitled to a hearing before the school board, and an employe so demoted without a hearing must be reinstated until the required hearing is held. [287]
Argued May 4, 1978, before Judges MENCER, ROGERS and DiSALLE, sitting as a panel of three.
Appeal, No. 17 T.D. 1977, from the Order of the Secretary of Education in case of Rita Chlodney v. Norwin School District, Teacher Tenure Appeal No. 310.
Reduction to part-time status by the Norwin School District appealed by professional employe to the Secretary of Education. Reinstatement ordered. School district appealed to the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County. Appeal transferred to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Affirmed.
H. Nevin Wollam, Solicitor, for petitioner.
Ronald N. Watzman, with him Watzman, DeAngelis Elovitz, for respondent.
Rita Chlodney (Chlodney) was employed by the Norwin School District (School District) as a full-time German teacher. On June 9, 1976, she was advised by the School District that she was being reduced from full time to half time, with a corresponding decrease in salary, for the 1976-77 school year. On August 11, 1976, Chlodney requested a hearing before the Board of School Directors of the School District (Board). Her reduction to half time took effect on August 31, 1976. When the Board failed to respond to her request for a hearing by September 9, 1976, Chlodney filed an appeal with the Secretary of Education (Secretary). On March 17, 1977, the Secretary ordered Chlodney reinstated as a full-time German teacher, without loss of pay. This appeal followed. We affirm the order of the Secretary.
The first issue is whether Chlodney was "demoted" within the meaning of Section 1151 of the Public School Code of 1949 (School Code), Act of March 10, 1949, P.L. 30, as amended, 24 P. S. § 11-1151, or whether she was "suspended" within the meaning of Sections 1124 and 1125, 24 P. S. § 11-1124, -1125. If Chlodney was demoted, her appeal was properly to the Secretary under Sections 1131 and 1151 of the School Code, 24 P. S. § 11-11311, -1151. See, e.g., Black v. Wyalusing Area School District, 27 Pa. Commw. 176, 365 A.2d 1352 (1976). If, however, Chlodney was suspended, her right to appeal would be governed, not by the School Code but by the Local Agency Law, Act of December 2, 1968, P.L. 1133, 53 P. S. § 1130 et seq. See, e.g., Fatscher v. Springfield School District, 28 Pa. Commw. 170, 367 A.2d 1130 (1977). The Secretary of Education has no jurisdiction over appeals under the Local Agency Law.
A demotion under Section 1151 can occur either from reduction of salary or from unfavorable changes of position. See, e.g., Isban v. Department of Education, 34 Pa. Commw. 88, 382 A.2d 1266 (1978). Chlodney's salary was unquestionably reduced. In addition, her reduction to part-time status involved a corresponding reduction in duties and responsibilities. These factors strongly suggest that she has been demoted. See Black v. Wyalusing Area School District, supra.
A suspension under Section 1124, on the other hand, is "in the nature of an impermanent separation, it is in reality simply a furlough, it is a laying-off. . . ." Kaplan v. Philadelphia School District, 388 Pa. 213, 217, 130 A.2d 672, 675 (1957) (emphasis added). Chlodney was not separated, furloughed, or laid off. While her reduction to half-time status does not fall readily into either category, we believe that a reduction in pay and responsibilities, rather than a complete termination, renders a transfer to part-time status a demotion rather than a suspension. Therefore, Chlodney's appeal was properly taken to the Secretary.
The School District also argues that the Secretary erred in ordering Chlodney's reinstatement rather than simply remanding the matter to the Board for a hearing. Section 1151 of the School Code requires the Board to hold a hearing on all proposed nonconsensual demotions involving professional employees. "The demotion, moreover, cannot become effective until after the hearing has taken place." Tassone v. Redstone Township School District, 408 Pa. 290, 294, 183 A.2d 536, 539 (1962) (emphasis in original). Therefore, where, as here, a professional employee has been demoted without the hearing required by the School Code, the demotion is void and reinstatement is the proper remedy. Black v. Wyalusing Area School District, supra; see Tassone v. Redstone Township School District, supra (order reinstating professional employee demoted without a hearing affirmed by Pennsylvania Supreme Court).
If the record before the Secretary provides an insufficient factual basis upon which to determine whether or not a reassignment constitutes a demotion, it would be error to order reinstatement since, if no demotion has in fact occurred, the employee would have no right to a hearing. See Black v. Wyalusing Area School District, supra, 27 Pa. Commw. at 178, 365 A.2d at 1354; Department of Education v. Charleroi Area School District, 22 Pa. Commw. 56, 347 A.2d 736 (1975).
The order of the Secretary of Education must therefore be affirmed. This holding does not, of course, preclude the Board from demoting Chlodney, in accordance with law, after the required hearing has been held.
This case is distinguishable from DiCello v. Board of Directors of Riverside School District, 33 Pa. Commw. 39, 380 A.2d 944 (1977), since DiCello involved a temporary professional employee whose right to a hearing on her suspension was governed, not by the School Code but by the Local Agency Law. But cf. McKelvey v. Colonial School District, 22 Pa. Commw. 207, 348 A.2d 445 (1975) (temporary professional employee allegedly discharged without hearing had stated cause of action in mandamus for reinstatement), appeal after remand, 35 Pa. Commw. 264, 385 A.2d 1040 (1978) (original holding reaffirmed).
ORDER
NOW, this 22nd day of August, 1978, the order of the Secretary of Education, dated March 17, 1977, reinstating Rita Chlodney as a full-time German teacher of the Norwin School District, without loss of pay, is hereby affirmed.