Opinion
No. 01-07-01103-CV
Opinion issued May 8, 2008.
On Appeal from the County Civil Court at Law No. 3 Harris County, Texas, Trial Court Cause No. 862147.
Panel consists of Chief Justice RADACK and Justices JENNINGS and BLAND.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Candauce Neal, challenges the trial court's summary judgment rendered in favor of appellee, George Garcia-Horrerios, in Neal's suit against Garcia-Horrerios for negligence. In two issues, Neal contends that the trial court erred in granting Garcia-Horrerios summary judgment based upon her lack of "due diligence" in obtaining service of process upon Garcia-Horrerios, after the statute of limitations expired, because she presented an issue of fact and the summary judgment ruling violated her constitutional right to a jury trial.
See U.S. Const. amend VII; Tex. Const. art. I, § 15.
Garcia-Horrerios has moved to dismiss Neal's appeal, arguing that we lack jurisdiction to consider the appeal because "Neal did not file a motion with this Court seeking to extend the time for filing her notice of appeal." On November 13, 2007, the trial court signed its final judgment, and, on December 18, 2007, Neal filed her notice of appeal. Although Neal untimely filed her notice of appeal, she did file her notice of appeal within the fifteen-day period in which a party may file a motion to extend time to file a notice of appeal. Accordingly, we imply that Neal timely filed a motion for extension of time. See Verburgt v. Dorner, 959 S.W.2d 615, 617 (Tex. 1997).
This judicially created implication does not extend to the requirement that Neal has to provide a reasonable explanation for her failure to timely file her notice of appeal. Miller v. Greenpark Surgery Ctr. Assocs., Ltd., 974 S.W.2d 805, 807 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1998, no pet.). Thus, on April 16, 2008, we ordered Neal to file a response to Garcia-Horrerios's motion to dismiss with a "reasonable explanation" for the late filing of her notice of appeal. See Tex. R. App. P. 10.5(b); Jones v. City of Houston, 976 S.W.2d 676, 677 (Tex. 1998). On April 28, 2008, Neal responded, and in her response, she detailed her trouble in calculating the notice of appeal's deadline due to "the trial court's multiple, and inconsistent[,] orders." Therefore, we hold that Neal's failure to timely file her notice of appeal was not deliberate or intentional, but was the result of inadvertence, mistake, or mischance in the calculation of the deadline. See Hone v. Hanafin, 104 S.W.3d 884, 886 (Tex. 2003). Accordingly, we deny Garcia-Horrerios's motion to dismiss.
Procedural Background
Neal filed suit against Garcia-Horrerios on April 13, 2006, three days before the pertinent statute of limitations could have expired on April 16, 2006. Neal did not serve Garcia-Horrerios until May 15, 2007. On June 11, 2007, Garcia-Horrerios filed his answer, alleging as an affirmative defense that the statute of limitations barred Neal's suit against him. He subsequently filed a motion and amended summary judgment motion, asserting that Neal did not use "due diligence" in effecting service upon him after the statute of limitations had expired.
In his amended summary judgment motion, Garcia-Horrerios asserted that, on August 11, 2006, the Harris County Constable's Office had informed Neal that it had the incorrect address for Garcia-Horrerios. Subsequently, on August 18, 2006, Neal requested, and obtained, "a special agent for service of process" — Danny Harvey — in an effort to serve Garcia-Horrerios.
Neal attached to her second amended response to Garcia-Horrerios's summary judgment motion exhibits to explain the delay in serving Garcia-Horrerios. In Exhibit "A-3," Neal's "Verified Motion to Retain," filed on January 23, 2007, she asserted that the Harris County Constable's Office had made "several attempts" to serve Garcia-Horrerios and that the Harris County Constable's Office had since notified Neal that it had an incorrect address for Garcia-Horrerios. Although Neal asserted in the motion that she had "determined" Garcia-Horrerios's current address and was seeking to serve Garcia-Horrerios, she did not specify the dates that the Harris County Constable's Office attempted to serve Garcia-Horrerios or the date she learned that it had an incorrect address for Garcia-Horrerios. She also did not state when she learned of Garcia-Horrerios's correct address.
In Exhibit "B," Neal attached the affidavit of Harvey, who testified that, on January 10, 2007, he unsuccessfully attempted to serve Garcia-Horrerios. In Exhibit "C," Neal attached the affidavit of Alana Willis, who testified that the most reasonably effective way to serve Garcia-Horrerios was to deliver a copy of the citation to anyone over sixteen years of age at 11462 Travelers Way. In Exhibit "B-4" to her response, the "Officer's Return" shows that Garcia-Horrerios was served on May 18, 2007.
Statute of Limitations
In her first issue, Neal argues that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of Garcia-Horrerios based on her lack of diligence in serving Neal after the statute of limitations had expired because she filed her suit within the statute of limitations period and "[t]he issue of due diligence of service presented to the trial court was . . . a factual issue which properly required determination by the jury, rather than the [trial] court."
A plaintiff must bring a suit for personal injuries within two years from the time the cause of action accrued. See Tex. Civ. Prac. Rem. Code Ann. § 16.003 (Vernon Supp. 2007). However, a timely filed suit does not interrupt the running of the statute of limitations unless the plaintiff exercised due diligence in the issuance and service of the citation. Proulx v. Wells, 235 S.W.3d 213, 215 (Tex. 2007). If the plaintiff diligently effected service after the expiration of the statute of limitations, the date of service relates back to the date of filing. Id.
To obtain summary judgment on the ground that a plaintiff did not serve her suit within the statute of limitations period, a defendant must show that, as a matter of law, the plaintiff did not exercise due diligence to effect service. See id. at 216. When the defendant affirmatively pleads the statute of limitations defense and shows that the plaintiff effected service after the expiration of the statute of limitations, the plaintiff bears the burden to "explain the delay" in service. Id. Thus, the plaintiff has the burden to present evidence regarding the efforts that she made to serve the defendant and to explain every lapse in effort or period of delay. Id. The plaintiff's explanation of her service efforts may demonstrate, as a matter of law, a lack of diligence, as when the plaintiff does not explain one or more lapses between service efforts or her explanations are patently unreasonable. Id. However, if the plaintiff's explanation for the delay raises a material fact issue concerning the plaintiff's diligence of service efforts, the burden shifts back to the defendant to conclusively show why, as a matter of law, the plaintiff provided an insufficient explanation. Id.
In assessing the plaintiff's diligence, "the relevant inquiry is whether the plaintiff acted as an ordinarily prudent person would have acted under the same or similar circumstances and was diligent up until the time the defendant was served." Id. We examine "the time it took to secure citation, service, or both, and the type of effort or lack of effort the plaintiff expended in procuring service." Id.
We review a summary judgment de novo. Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005). We take as true all evidence favorable to the nonmovant, and we indulge every reasonable inference and resolve any doubts in the nonmovant's favor. Id.
In support of her argument that there is "a genuine fact issue" as to whether she used due diligence in effecting service upon Garcia-Horrerios, Neal relies upon Ellis v. Great Southwestern Corp., 646 F.2d 1099 (5th Cir. 1981). In Ellis, on June 14, 1979, the trial court granted a motion to transfer the cause from a federal district court in Arkansas to a federal district court in Texas; the plaintiff asserted that, on August 22, 1979, he attempted to serve the defendants; on December 17, 1979, the docket sheet had a "mysterious" notation that stated that the summons was reissued after a "[c]lerk's error"; and, on December 21, 1979 and January 16, 1980, the plaintiff effectuated service on the defendants. Id. at 1101-02. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that there was a factual issue as to whether or not the plaintiff diligently effected service upon the defendants because of the "mysterious docket entry that refers to the `clerk's error' in failing to issue process in August." Id. at 1114. However, here, there is no such evidence to explain Neal's delays in effecting service upon Garcia-Horrerios.
In regard to two significant time periods, Neal did not provide any summary judgment evidence to explain the delay of her efforts to serve Garcia-Horrerios. As noted by Garcia-Horrerios, on August 11, 2006, the Harris County Constable's Office had informed Neal that it was not attempting to serve Garcia-Horrerios because it had an incorrect address. Although Neal obtained a process server on August 18, 2006, the process server did not attempt to serve Garcia-Horrerios until January 10, 2007, approximately five months later. Neal does not provide any explanation for her failure to serve Garcia-Horrerios during this approximate five-month time period. See Taylor v. Thompson, 4 S.W.3d 63, 65 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied) (noting that "[i]t is the responsibility of the party requesting service, not the process server[,] to see that service is properly accomplished").
Also, from January 10, 2007 until April 13, 2007, the evidence does not show any explanation for Neal's failure to serve Garcia-Horrerios. See Boyattia v. Hinojosa, 18 S.W.3d 729, 734 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2000, pet. denied) (finding no due diligence with unexplained three-month delay); Webster v. Thomas, 5 S.W.3d 287, 290 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1999, no pet.) (holding that plaintiff did not exercise due diligence with unexplained delay of over four months); Holt v. D'Hanis State Bank, 993 S.W.2d 237, 241 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 1999, no pet.) (concluding that plaintiff did not use due diligence with unexplained three-month delay).
Although Neal finally served Garcia-Horrerios on May 15, 2007, approximately thirteen months after she had filed suit and the statute of limitations had expired, her unexplained delays of approximately four and five months in attempting to serve Garcia-Horrerios demonstrated a lack of due diligence as a matter of law. See Proulx, 235 S.W.3d at 216. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err in granting Garcia-Horrerios's summary judgment motion.
We overrule Neal's first issue.
Constitutionality of Summary Judgment
In her second issue, Neal argues that the trial court's summary judgment is unconstitutional because it denied her "a determination of facts by a jury" in "deprivation of the right to a jury trial as guaranteed by the United States and Texas Constitutions." See U.S. Const. amend. VII; Tex. Const. art. I, § 15. Garcia-Horrerios argues that Neal did not preserve her issue for appellate review because she "never raised the constitutionality of the [t]rial [c]ourt's actions prior to filing her appeal."
In order to preserve a complaint for appellate review, the record must demonstrate that "the complaint was made to the trial court by a timely request, objection, or motion" with "sufficient specificity to make the trial court aware of the complaint." Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1)(A); see Dreyer v. Greene, 871 S.W.2d 697, 698 (Tex. 1993). "As a rule, a claim, including a constitutional claim, must have been asserted in the trial court in order to be raised on appeal." Dreyer, 871 S.W.2d at 698. Here, the record shows that Neal did not challenge the constitutionality of the trial court's summary judgment in the trial court, and she urges it for the first time on appeal. Accordingly, we hold that Neal did not preserve the issue for our review. See Root v. Brodhead, 854 S.W.2d 706, 710 (Tex.App.-Austin 1993, no writ) (holding that plaintiffs did not preserve for appellate review complaint that summary judgment against them was unconstitutional because they raised it for first time on appeal).
We overrule Neal's second issue.
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.