The NTEU and Bravo also alleged that requiring employees to disclose alcohol or drug problems experienced off the job violates the employees' constitutional right to privacy by inquiring into intimate, personal matters in an overly broad manner and without substantial justification. The district court, ruling on cross-motions for summary judgment, granted judgment for the NTEU and Bravo on August 31, 1992, 843 F. Supp. 214. The court first concluded that the union had standing to assert its claims that the government had violated its members' privilege against self-incrimination and right to privacy.