Opinion
No. 17-1083
03-23-2020
Nathan S., Petitioner Below, Petitioner v. Tom Harlan, Interim Superintendent, Huttonsville Correctional Center, Respondent Below, Respondent
(Berkeley County CC-02-2015-C-65)
MEMORANDUM DECISION
Petitioner Nathan S., by counsel Patrick Kratovil, appeals the November 13, 2017, order of the Circuit Court of Berkeley County that denied his petition for post-conviction habeas corpus relief. Interim Superintendent Tom Harlan, by counsel Shannon Frederick Kiser, filed a summary response. On appeal, petitioner argues that the circuit court erred by failing to conduct an evidentiary hearing on his habeas petition, and by denying his claim of ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel.
When petitioner filed this case, Michael Martin was the Superintendent of the Huttonsville Correctional Center. However, Tom Harlan is now the Interim Superintendent of that Center. The Court has made the necessary substitution of parties pursuant to Rule 41(c) of the West Virginia Rules of Appellate Procedure.
This Court has considered the parties' briefs and the record on appeal. The facts and legal arguments are adequately presented, and the decisional process would not be significantly aided by oral argument. Upon consideration of the standard of review, the Court finds no substantial question of law and no prejudicial error. For these reasons, a memorandum decision affirming the circuit court's order is appropriate under Rule 21 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
In 2010, petitioner was indicted on thirteen counts of child abuse by a parent, guardian, or custodian causing injury under West Virginia Code § 61-8D-3(a). The alleged victims were one of petitioner's children and four of his wife's children. In 2013, the matter proceeded to an eleven-day trial. At the close of the State's case-in-chief, petitioner moved for a judgment of acquittal on all but Count Ten of the indictment (alleging petitioner burned I.F. with a cigarette). Although the trial court noted, "I know there is a whole lot of conflicting testimony. There's a lot of inconsistent testimony," it denied petitioner's motion. At the close of petitioner's case-in-chief, he renewed his motion for a judgment of acquittal. The trial court replied: "I'm going to deny the motions at this time. I recognize that there's very conflicting evidence, and there's no evidence, virtually, of any kind of testimony other than the children, however, their testimony is evidence, and to that extent I agree with the State." Ultimately, the jury found petitioner guilty on four counts: (1) punching K.F. in the side (Count One); (2) choking A.F. (Count Seven); (3) choking I.F. (Count Eleven); and (4) striking H.S. with a metal spoon on the leg (Count Twelve).
Petitioner's indictment alleged that between September of 2008 and April of 2009, petitioner: (1) punched K.F., a minor, in the side (Count One) and burned her with a cigarette (Count Two); (2) shot C.F., a minor, with a BB gun (Count Three), burned him with a cigarette (Count Four), and punched him in the arm (Count Five); (3) shot A.F., a minor, with a BB gun (Count Six), choked him (Count Seven), shot him with a bottle rocket (Count Eight), and struck him with a metal spoon causing bleeding (Count Nine); (4) burned I.F., a minor, with a cigarette (Count Ten) and choked him (Count Eleven); and (5) struck H.S., a minor, with a metal spoon on the leg (Count Twelve) and hit her in the eye with a baseball bat (Count Thirteen).
Petitioner's wife was also charged in a separate indictment with five counts of child abuse causing bodily injury and was tried with petitioner.
Following trial, the State filed a recidivist information against petitioner alleging he was previously convicted of two qualifying felony offenses, both of which were driving under the influence, third offense. The circuit court found petitioner was the person who committed those crimes and deemed him a recidivist. The trial court subsequently denied petitioner's post-trial motions and sentenced him to an indeterminate term of one to five years in prison for Count Seven, one to five years in prison for Count Eleven, and one to five years in prison for Count Twelve, to be served concurrently. With regard to petitioner's conviction on Count One, the trial court sentenced petitioner to life in prison with the possibility of parole based on his recidivist standing, and ordered that his life sentence run consecutively to his three concurrent one- to five-year sentences.
Petitioner's direct appeal to this Court raised four grounds for relief. In the first three of those grounds, petitioner claimed that the trial court abused its discretion by allowing the State to introduce evidence under Rule 404(b) of the Rules of Evidence where (1) the notice to do so was deficient as a matter of law; (2) the evidence of petitioner's alleged sexual misconduct regarded his non-custodial step-daughter, A.F., who was not named as a victim in petitioner's indictment; and (3) A.F.'s testimony (that petitioner allegedly "passed [her] around" so that friends and relatives could sexually abuse/assault her) had no evidentiary support. In a fourth ground, petitioner claimed the trial court's errors were cumulative and prevented him from receiving a fair trial. While we criticized the State's use of Rule 404(b) evidence at petitioner's trial, we ultimately affirmed petitioner's conviction and sentence in State v. Nathan S., No. 13-0767, 2014 WL 6676550 (W. Va. Nov. 21, 2014)(memorandum decision).
On February 2, 2015, petitioner filed a pro se petition for habeas relief. Thereafter, the habeas court appointed Attorney Ben J. Crawley-Woods who drafted petitioner's amended petition alleging (l) ineffective assistance of trial counsel; (2) insufficient evidence; (3) ineffective assistance of appellate counsel for failing to raise insufficient evidence and unconstitutionally disproportionate sentence; (4) improper admission of Rule 404(b) evidence, i.e., an alleged/uncharged sexual assault; and (5) cumulative error by trial and appellate counsel. Petitioner's current habeas counsel, Patrick Kratovil, stands on Mr. Crawley-Woods's amended petition.
In its November 13, 2017, order, the habeas court denied relief on all grounds. Petitioner now appeals.
In reviewing challenges to the findings and conclusions of the circuit court in a habeas corpus action, we apply a three-prong standard of review. We review the final order and the ultimate disposition under an abuse of discretion standard; the underlying factual findings under a clearly erroneous standard; and questions of law are subject to a de novo review.Syl. Pt. 1, Mathena v. Haines, 219 W. Va. 417, 633 S.E.2d 771 (2006).
Petitioner raises two assignments of error on appeal. Petitioner first argues that the circuit court committed reversible error by failing to conduct an omnibus evidentiary hearing on petitioner's habeas claims. We have said, "[a] court having jurisdiction over habeas corpus proceedings may deny a petition for a writ of habeas corpus without a hearing . . . ." Syl. Pt. 3, in part, Tex S. v. Pszczolkowski, 236 W. Va. 245, 778 S.E.2d 694 (2015) (citing Syl. Pt. 1, Perdue v. Coiner, 156 W. Va. 467, 194 S.E.2d 657 (1973)); see also W. Va. Code § 53-4A-7(a). "If the court determines that an evidentiary hearing is not required, the court shall include in its final order findings of fact and conclusions of law as to why an evidentiary hearing was not required." Tex S. at 252-53, 778 S.E.2d at 701-02 (quoting Rule 9(a) of the Rules Governing Post-Conviction Habeas Corpus Proceedings in West Virginia).
As noted above, petitioner clearly raised only two assignments of error on appeal: (1) the habeas court's decision not to conduct an evidentiary hearing, and (2) ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel. Nevertheless, following his argument for this second assignment of error, petitioner wanders into a discussion regarding the sufficiency of the evidence at trial, and whether his recidivist sentence was constitutional. Rule 10(c)(3) of the West Virginia Rules of Appellate Procedure provides, in relevant part, that a petitioner's "brief opens with a list of the assignments of error that are presented for review" and that the "statement of the assignments of error will be deemed to include every subsidiary question fairly comprised therein." (Emphasis added.) Because petitioner fails to assign error to the sufficiency of the evidence at trial or to the constitutionality of his recidivist sentence in accordance with Rule 10(c)(3), we decline to address those issues herein.
The habeas court satisfied Tex S. because it included in its order that "a hearing would not aid the [c]ourt" because "it is clear from the record that [p]etitioner is not entitled to any relief for his claims." Moreover, the order contained extensive findings of fact and conclusions of law on each of petitioner's claims for relief. Having reviewed the order on the appeal in light of petitioner's assignments of error and the record in this case, we concur that an evidentiary hearing would not have aided the court, because petitioner was entitled to no relief. Accordingly, we find that the circuit court did not err in choosing not to hold an evidentiary hearing on petitioner's habeas claims.
Petitioner's second and final assignment of error is that the circuit court committed reversible error by denying his ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel claims. Pursuant to syllabus point 5 of State v. Miller, 194 W. Va. 3, 459 S.E.2d 114 (1995):
In the West Virginia courts, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are to be governed by the two-pronged test established in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984): (1) Counsel's performance was deficient under an objective standard of reasonableness; and (2) there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings would have been different.
With regard to his trial counsel, petitioner argues that he failed to (1) call witnesses who may have provided an alibi for petitioner regarding the charges that he choked A.F. and I.F. (i.e., he was in jail for part of the time during which the choking incidents allegedly occurred); (2) call witnesses from DHHR who could have testified that the claims of child abuse against petitioner were unsubstantiated; (3) timely move for an independent medical examination of H.S., which would have established that H.S. had no injury from the alleged striking with a metal spoon; (4) secure witnesses and the admission of H.S.'s medical records that would have shown that the scar on her leg resulted from a MRSA infection, and not from any abuse by petitioner; and (5) notify the circuit court at sentencing that the imposition of a life sentence for a recidivist under West Virginia Code § 61-11-18(c) is discretionary. Petitioner also argues that the trial court erred in admitting irrelevant, inflammatory, and unfairly prejudicial evidence of an alleged/uncharged sexual assault under Rule 404(b).
The habeas court addressed petitioner's claims of ineffective assistance of trial and appellate counsel under Miller's second prong and found that petitioner was entitled to no relief because he could not show that, but for trial counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceedings would have been different. See Syl. Pt. 5, State ex rel. Daniel v. Legursky, 195 W. Va. 314, 465 S.E.2d 416 (1995). Having reviewed the circuit court's November 12, 2014, comprehensive order that addressed each of petitioner's claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, we find no error. Accordingly, we hereby adopt and incorporate the circuit court's well-reasoned findings and conclusions into this memorandum decision.
Pursuant to syllabus point 5 of Legursky, the circuit court was not required to address both prongs of the Miller test:
In deciding ineffective assistance of counsel claims, a court need not address both prongs of the conjunctive standard of Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), and State v. Miller, 194 W.Va. 3, 459 S.E.2d 114 (1995), but may dispose of such a claim based solely on a petitioner's failure to meet either prong of the test.
The habeas court's findings and conclusions regarding petitioner's claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel may be found on pages 4 through 8 of the order on appeal. The habeas court's findings and conclusions regarding petitioner's claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel may be found on pages 14 through 17 of the order on appeal. --------
The Clerk is directed to attach a copy of the circuit court's November 13, 2017, order to this memorandum decision.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.
Affirmed. ISSUED: March 23, 2020
CONCURRED IN BY:
Chief Justice Tim Armstead
Justice Margaret L. Workman
Justice Elizabeth D. Walker
Justice Evan H. Jenkins
Justice John A. Hutchison
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