Opinion
2018–11020 Index No. 11602/12
10-14-2020
M.V.B. COLLISION, INC., etc., Respondent, v. ALLSTATE INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant.
Rivkin Radler LLP, Uniondale, N.Y. (Cheryl F. Korman and Michael P. Welch of counsel), for appellant. Steven F. Goldstein, LLP, Carle Place, N.Y. (Gina M. Arnedos of counsel), for respondent.
Rivkin Radler LLP, Uniondale, N.Y. (Cheryl F. Korman and Michael P. Welch of counsel), for appellant.
Steven F. Goldstein, LLP, Carle Place, N.Y. (Gina M. Arnedos of counsel), for respondent.
RUTH C. BALKIN, J.P., LEONARD B. AUSTIN, HECTOR D. LASALLE, ANGELA G. IANNACCI, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER
In an action to recover damages for tortious interference with contract and violation of General Business Law § 349, the defendant appeals from an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (Anthony L. Parga, J.), entered June 21, 2018. The order denied the defendant's motion for summary judgment dismissing the amended complaint.
ORDERED that the order is modified, on the law, by deleting the provision thereof denying those branches of the defendant's motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action to recover damages for tortious interference with contract and the plaintiff's demand for punitive damages, and substituting therefor a provision granting those branches of the motion; as so modified, the order is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.
The plaintiff, which owned and operated an auto repair shop, commenced this action against the defendant insurer to recover damages for tortious interference with contract and violation of General Business Law § 349. The plaintiff alleged, among other things, that the defendant engaged in practices which deceived claimants who sought to have their vehicles repaired at the plaintiff's shop, resulting in losses to the plaintiff. After discovery, the defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the amended complaint. In an order entered June 21, 2018, the Supreme Court denied the defendant's motion. The defendant appeals.
The defendant demonstrated its prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the cause of action alleging tortious interference with contract. The elements of such a cause of action are "the existence of a valid contract between [the plaintiff] and a third party, the defendant's knowledge of that contract, the defendant's intentional procurement of the third party's breach of that contract without justification, and damages" ( MVB Collision, Inc. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 129 A.D.3d 1041, 1043, 13 N.Y.S.3d 137 ; see Kronos, Inc. v. AVX Corp., 81 N.Y.2d 90, 94, 595 N.Y.S.2d 931, 612 N.E.2d 289 ). "To create a binding contract, there must be a manifestation of mutual assent sufficiently definite to assure that the parties are truly in agreement with respect to all material terms" ( Matter of Express Indus. & Term. Corp. v. New York State Dept. of Transp., 93 N.Y.2d 584, 589, 693 N.Y.S.2d 857, 715 N.E.2d 1050 ).
Here, the defendant established, prima facie, that the alleged agreements between the plaintiff and its customers did not constitute binding contracts, since they did not set forth the cost of repairs to be performed by the plaintiff (see M.V.B. Collision, Inc. v. Rovt, 101 A.D.3d 830, 832, 956 N.Y.S.2d 90 ; see also Matter of Hall v. Barnes, 225 A.D.2d 837, 838, 639 N.Y.S.2d 151 ), or a method by which "th[at] amount [could] be determined objectively without the need for new expressions by the parties" ( Cobble Hill Nursing Home v. Henry & Warren Corp., 74 N.Y.2d 475, 483, 548 N.Y.S.2d 920, 548 N.E.2d 203 ). In opposition, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to the existence of binding contracts between it and third parties. Accordingly, the Supreme Court should have granted that branch of the defendant's motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action alleging tortious interference with contract.
Furthermore, the Supreme Court should have granted that branch of the defendant's motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the plaintiff's demand for punitive damages, as the defendant demonstrated, prima facie, that its alleged conduct was not so "gross, wanton, or willful, or of such high moral culpability" as to warrant an award of punitive damages, and the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition ( Connecticut N.Y. Light. Co. v. Manos Bus. Mgt. Co., Inc., 171 A.D.3d 698, 700, 98 N.Y.S.3d 101 ; see Outside Connection, Inc. v. DiGennaro, 18 A.D.3d 634, 634, 795 N.Y.S.2d 669 ).
However, the defendant failed to demonstrate its prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the cause of action alleging a violation of General Business Law § 349. That statute prohibits "[d]eceptive acts or practices in the conduct o any business, trade or commerce or in the furnishing of any service in this state" ( General Business Law § 349[a] ). "A cause of action to recover damages for a violation of General Business Law § 349 must ‘identify consumer-oriented misconduct which is deceptive and materially misleading to a reasonable consumer, and which causes actual damages’ " ( Ramirez v. Donado Law Firm, P.C., 169 A.D.3d 940, 942, 95 N.Y.S.3d 103, quoting Wilner v. Allstate Ins. Co., 71 A.D.3d 155, 162, 893 N.Y.S.2d 208 ; see Oswego Laborers' Local 214 Pension Fund v. Marine Midland Bank, 85 N.Y.2d 20, 24–26, 623 N.Y.S.2d 529, 647 N.E.2d 741 ).
Here, the defendant failed to submit evidence demonstrating, prima facie, that it did not engage in conduct that was deceptive and misleading to consumers or that the plaintiff did not suffer direct damages as a result of such alleged conduct (see North State Autobahn, Inc. v. Progressive Ins. Grp. Co., 102 A.D.3d 5, 953 N.Y.S.2d 96 ; see also MVB Collision, Inc. v. Allstate Ins. Co., 129 A.D.3d at 1043, 13 N.Y.S.3d 137 ). A defendant cannot satisfy its summary judgment burden merely by pointing to gaps in the plaintiff's proof (see Grucci v. Grucci, 174 A.D.3d 790, 791, 102 N.Y.S.3d 885 ). Accordingly, we agree with the Supreme Court's determination to deny that branch of the defendant's motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action alleging a violation of General Business Law § 349.
The parties' remaining contentions either are without merit or need not be reached in light of our determination.
BALKIN, J.P., AUSTIN, LASALLE and IANNACCI, JJ., concur.