This is the usual rule. 2 Pomeroy, Equity Jurisprudence (5 th ed. 1941), § 419e, p. 180; 27 Am. Jur.2 d, Equity, § 158. p. 694; § 160, p. 696; Restatement, Restitution § 148, comment b, p. 590 (1937); Mott v. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185, 192 ( Ch. 1935); cf. Bahr v. Breeze Corporations, Inc.,126 N.J. Eq. 124, 128 ( Ch. 1939), affirmed o.b. 127 N.J. Eq. 257 ( E. A. 1940); Merchants Indemnity Corp. v. Eggleston, 37 N.J. 114, 132 (1962). Moreover defendants did not make out the defense of laches, even if it were relevant. This is so for two reasons.
We agree with the Appellate Division that Frank, Jr. cannot recover death benefits under a theory of in loco parentis, as that rule is no more than a description of "actual dependency." Amadeo v. Amadeo, 64 N.J. Super. 417, 425 ( App. Div. 1960); D. v. D., 56 N.J. Super. 357, 361 ( App. Div. 1959); Mottv. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185, 187 ( Ch 1935); Brinkerhoff andWife v. Merselis' Executors, 24 N.J.L. 680 ( Sup. Ct. 1855). II.
Restatement, supra, pp. 1355 et seq.; 3 Scott, Trusts (1939), p. 2256 et seq. Thus, a gift or advancement is presumed where a husband takes title in the name of his wife, Lipp v. Fielder, 72 N.J. Eq. 439 ( E. A. 1907); Gorrellv. Gorrell, 97 N.J. Eq. 367 ( E. A. 1925), or a father in the name of his son, Brower v. Brower, 98 N.J. Eq. 218 ( Ch. 1925), affirmed 99 N.J. Eq. 414 ( E. A. 1926), or a stepfather in favor of a stepchild, Mott v. Iossa,119 N.J. Eq. 185 ( Ch. 1935). But the usual inference of a resulting trust and not of a gift is said to arise where the wife is payor and takes title in the name of her husband, or, as in the instant case, where the child purchases the property and takes title in the name of his parent.
See 1 Restatement of the Law, Trusts (1935), sec. 91, p. 261; sec. 109, p. 286. An infant's acceptance of a trust may be confirmed or disclaimed upon his coming of age. Cf.Ownes v. Ownes, 23 N.J. Eq. 60, 63 ( Ch. 1872); Mott v.Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185, 191 ( Ch. 1935); Scott on Trusts (1939), sec. 91, p. 497. Compare 54 Am. Jur., Trusts, sec. 115, p. 101.
Carlisle v. Cooper, 18 N.J. Eq. 241. In the case of Mott v. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185;181 Atl. Rep. 689, Vice-Chancellor Bigelow had before him for consideration the right of a complainant to equitable aid in the enforcement of a legal right. Complainant alleged that he was an infant when certain property was conveyed to the defendants; that he received no consideration therefor; and prayed that the deed be canceled. It appeared that complainant waited fifteen years after coming of age before bringing suit.
upon satisfactory and explicit proof of a contemporaneous intention inconsistent with the grant manifestly exhibited by the deed. Of the numerous authorities, only a few of the more familiar need be cited: Peer v. Peer, 11 N.J. Eq. 432; Midmer v. Midmer's Executors, 26 N.J. Eq. 299; affirmed, 27 N.J. Eq. 548;Linker v. Linker, 32 N.J. Eq. 174; Lister v. Lister,35 N.J. Eq. 49; affirmed, 37 N.J. Eq. 331; Read v. Huff, 40 N.J. Eq. 229;Duvale v. Duvale, 56 N.J. Eq. 375; 39 Atl. Rep. 687;Selover v. Selover, 62 N.J. Eq. 761; 48 Atl. Rep. 522; Herbert v. Alvord, 75 N.J. Eq. 428; 72 Atl. Rep. 946; Beck v. Beck,78 N.J. Eq. 544; 80 Atl. Rep. 550; Thomas v. Thomas, 79 N.J. Eq. 461;81 Atl. Rep. 748; McGee v. McGee, 81 N.J. Eq. 190;86 Atl. Rep. 406; Hood v. Hood, 83 N.J. Eq. 695; 93 Atl. Rep. 797;Andreas v. Andreas, 84 N.J. Eq. 375; 94 Atl. Rep. 415;affirmed, 85 N.J. Eq. 210; 96 Atl. Rep. 39; Prisco v. Prisco,90 N.J. Eq. 289; 110 Atl. Rep. 111; Gorrell v. Gorrell, 97 N.J. Eq. 367;127 Atl. Rep. 346; Mott v. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185;181 Atl. Rep. 689; Ritter v. Ritter, 125 N.J. Eq. 212;4 Atl. Rep. 2d 846; Hill v. Lamoreaux, 132 N.J. Eq. 580;30 Atl. Rep. 2d 833; 4 Pom. Eq. Jur. ( 5th ed.) § 1039. The defendant Mr. Strong expressly instructed the bank to grant the title to the premises absolutely to his wife.
The cases enunciating principles applying to the situation under consideration are numerous in this state. Among them are: City National Bank v. Hamilton, 34 N.J. Eq. 158; Lykles v. Lykles, 109 N.J. Eq. 490; 158 Atl. Rep. 105; Levi v. Levi,111 N.J. Eq. 127; 161 Atl. Rep. 835; Gordon v. Griffith, 113 N.J. Eq. 554;168 Atl. Rep. 57; Szpak v. Szpak, 114 N.J. Eq. 143;168 Atl. Rep. 386; Mott v. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185;181 Atl. Rep. 689. I shall advise a decree for the complainant.
Restatement, supra, pp. 1355 et seq.; 3 Scott Trusts (1939), p. 2256 et seq. Thus, a gift or advancement is presumed where a husband takes title in the name of his wife, Lipp v. Fielder, 72 N.J. Eq. 439 [66 A.2d 189] (E. A. 1907); Gorrell v. Gorrell, 97 N.J. Eq. 367 [127 A. 346] (E. A. 1925), or a father in the name of his son, Brower v. Brower, 98 N.J. Eq. 218 [130 A. 222] (Ch. 1925), affirmed 99 N.J. Eq. 414 [131 A. 918] (E. A. 1926), or a stepfather in favor of a stepchild, Mott v. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185 [ 181 A. 689] (Ch. 1935). But the usual inference of a resulting trust and not of a gift is said to arise where the wife is payor and takes title in the name of her husband, or, as in the instant case, where the child purchases the property and takes title in the name of his parent.
After the severance of that marriage the relationship between the child and his or her natural mother is no different from what it was before that marriage. Green v. Dept. of Institutions Agencies, 109 N.J. Super. 462 (App.Div. 1970); Tartaglio v. Dept. of Institutions Agencies, 102 N.J. Super. 592 (App.Div. 1968) cert. den 394 U.S. 1000, 89 S.Ct. 1594, 22 L.Ed.2d 778 (1969); Falzo v. Falzo, 84 N.J. Super. 343 (App.Div. 1964); Amadeo v. Amadeo, 64 N.J. Super. 417 (App.Div. 1960) D. v. D. 56 N.J. Super. 357 (App.Div. 1959), Schneider v. Schneider, 25 N.J. Misc. 180, 52 A.2d 564 (Ch. 1947), Mott v. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185 (Ch. 1935). In the case at bar the child, then a month old, was received by these parties who were neither his natural nor adoptive parents.
The length of time within which an infant may, after reaching majority, disaffirm a contract may extend for the periods prescribed in the statute of limitations, subject, of course, to an earlier loss of such right by conduct of the emancipated minor amounting to a ratification or constituting estoppel. In Mott v. Iossa, 119 N.J. Eq. 185 ( Ch. 1935), the court said: "In determining which rule to adopt, we should bear in mind that the privilege of a former infant to avoid his deed is a legal right, enforceable in a court of law. Ross v. Adams, 28 N.J.L. 160, 161; Adams v. Ross, 30 N.J.L. 505; Peacock v. Binder, 57 N.J.L. 374.