Opinion
Argued February 1, 1977
March 17, 1977.
Unemployment compensation — Work stoppage — Unemployment Compensation Law, Act 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897 — Lockout — Maintenance of status quo — Incomplete oral collective bargaining agreement — New status quo.
1. An employe is not entitled to benefits under the Unemployment Compensation Law, Act 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897, if his unemployment is due to a work stoppage because of a labor dispute unless the stoppage constitutes a lockout. [299]
2. If a labor contract expires and the employer agrees to extend the terms of such contract and maintain the status quo pending further negotiations, a resulting work stoppage is not a lockout. [299-300]
3. An incomplete oral collective bargaining agreement concerning which disputes arose and from which no approved written contract resulted, does not create a new status quo, and, if the employer agrees to extend the terms of the expired contract during negotiations but not the terms of the incomplete oral contract, a work stoppage occurring during such negotiations is not a lockout for the purpose of determining eligibility for unemployment compensation benefits. [300-1]
Argued February 1, 1977, before President Judge BOWMAN and Judges CRUMLISH, JR., KRAMER, WILKINSON, JR., MENCER, ROGERS and BLATT.
Appeal, No. 263 C.D. 1976, from the Order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review in case of In Re: Claim of Eugene Heydt, et al., No. B-129590.
Applications to the Bureau of Employment Security for unemployment compensation benefits. Applications denied. Applicants appealed to the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review. Applications granted. Benefits awarded. Employer appealed to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Reversed. Benefits denied.
Susan Carroll, with her James D. Crawford, J B. Millard Tyson, and Schnader, Harrison, Segal Lewis, for appellant.
Daniel R. Schuckers, Assistant Attorney General, with him Sydney Reuben, Assistant Attorney General, and Robert P. Kane, Attorney General, for appellee.
Joseph Lurie, with him Galfand, Berger, Senesky, Lurie March, for intervening appellees.
This appeal arises from an order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review (Board) granting 43 employes and former employes (claimants) unemployment compensation benefits because they were out of work due to a lockout by their employer. We reverse.
In this case, claimants, members of Local 6622 of the United Steel Workers of America, were employed by the Morysville Body Works. The collective bargaining agreement between the parties expired on February 28, 1974, and each side agreed to work under the terms of the old written contract until March 4. On March 4 what the parties then regarded as an oral agreement was reached and work was to continue under its terms while management drafted a new written contract not merely reducing the oral contract to writing but including necessary revisions in the old written contract to accommodate the new terms which had been discussed and settled. Work continued until March 27 when a written contract, with changes from the old contract not discussed or agreed to on March 4, was presented to and rejected by the union. The union offered to continue working under its concept of the oral agreement which, according to claimants, had never been put into effect for complaints arose at the first pay period. The Company refused the offer and on March 28, 1974, picket lines were established. After a hearing a referee refused to award benefits, but was reversed by the Board which characterized the work stoppage as a lockout.
Section 402(d) of the Unemployment Compensation Law, Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P. S. § 802(d) provides, inter alia:
An employe shall be ineligible for compensation for any week —
. . . .
In which his unemployment is due to a stoppage of work, which exists because of a labor dispute (other than a lock-out) at the factory, establishment or other premises at which he is or was last employed. . . .
Our Supreme Court has held that the sole test in determining whether a work stoppage is a lockout is:
Have the employees offered to continue working for a reasonable time under the pre-existing terms and conditions of employment so as to avert a work stoppage pending the final settlement of the contract negotiations; and has the employer agreed to permit work to continue for a reasonable time under the pre-existing terms and conditions of employment pending further negotiations? If the employer refuses to so extend the expiring contract and maintain the status quo, then the resulting work stoppage constitutes a 'lockout'. . . .
Vrotney Unemployment Compensation Case, 400 Pa. 440, 444-45, 163 A.2d 91, 93-94 (1960).
The narrow issue on appeal is whether the oral incomplete agreement of March 4, 1974, created a new or shifting status quo. If so, upon the March 27 impasse, the offer by the union to continue working under the oral agreement fulfilled its obligation under Vrotney. If not, the union would have had to offer to continue working under the terms of the pre-existing complete written agreement — which it did not do.
The issue was previously raised in Unemployment Compensation Board of Review v. Haughton Elevator Co., 21 Pa. Commw. 307, 345 A.2d 297 (1975), where we held that management's termination of an interim agreement containing a termination-at-will clause did not breach the status quo as long as work was allowed to continue under the prior written contract. We held, however, "we need not decide whether or not a moving status quo would be a recognizable concept in unemployment compensation cases where similar termination conditions were not provided." Id. at 313, 345 A.2d at 300. Here, where we are confronted with an oral incomplete agreement not yet reduced to its final written form and not covering points subsequently at issue and agreement on which is essential to implement the so-called oral agreement, we must reject the concept of a shifting status quo. We need not decide whether the doctrine may apply to a written complete interim agreement without a termination-at-will clause.
The record of this case is the starting point of our analysis. While both management and labor agree that each thought that an agreement was reached on March 4, 1974, their different interpretations of what was agreed to surfaced immediately when management explained its interpretation of the agreement to non-union employes. Further evidence of differences arose when the first paychecks under the oral agreement were issued. Also, management, when drawing up the written contract, unilaterally made changes in the old contract which it felt were necessary and reasonable to implement and make complete the oral agreement and shift to a new pay system. The changes were seen in a different light by the union.
The foregoing illustrates typical problems which may arise before an incomplete oral agreement is made final, even when all parties act in the best of faith. Each party may have a different conception of what was agreed to — giving rise to a question of whether there was a meeting of the minds at all. Also, even if major terms to a new contract are agreed to, their effect on other terms in the old contract may not be realized or agreed to, as indeed appears to be the case here. The problems are compounded by a reliance on parol evidence. Therefore, we deem it unwise to regard a preliminary incomplete oral agreement as a new status quo for purposes of Section 402(d). Whether anything less than a written interim contract could create a new status quo need not be decided. At the very least, an oral interim contract would have to be complete, covering all points in contest, to create a new status quo. Such is not the case here.
Accordingly, we will enter the following
ORDER
NOW, March 17, 1977, the order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, decision number B-129590, issued January 16, 1976, is reversed and benefits to claimants are denied.