Opinion
532595
03-03-2022
M.M., Appellant, v. CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF THE ANNUNCIATION et al., Respondents.
Brennan & White, LLP, Queensbury (William J. White of counsel), for appellant. Tobin & Dempf, LLP, Albany (Michael L. Costello of counsel), for respondents.
Brennan & White, LLP, Queensbury (William J. White of counsel), for appellant.
Tobin & Dempf, LLP, Albany (Michael L. Costello of counsel), for respondents.
Before: Garry, P.J., Egan Jr., Aarons and Colangelo, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Egan Jr., J. Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Mackey, J.), entered November 13, 2020 in Warren County, which granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint.
From 1986 through 1992, plaintiff was sexually abused by a priest stationed at defendant Church of Our Lady of the Annunciation, a parish church within defendant Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany (hereinafter the Diocese). In 2008, then-counsel for plaintiff alerted counsel for the Diocese to the abuse, as well as similar abuse inflicted upon plaintiff's brother, and requested reimbursement for counseling expenses both plaintiff and his brother had incurred (see J.M. v Church of Our Lady of the Annunciation, 203 A.D.3d 1280, 160 N.Y.S.3d 674 [decided herewith] ). After the priest was convicted in Massachusetts on charges related to his sexual abuse of minors in that state, the Diocese authorized the requested reimbursement in 2012. Plaintiff continued with counseling for several years and his then-counsel, observing that he was likely to need counseling indefinitely and that the counseling had caused his brother to recall sexual abuse at the hands of a second priest, initiated settlement negotiations with counsel for the Diocese in 2014. The end result of those negotiations was a 2016 agreement under which the Diocese paid plaintiff $90,000 and plaintiff, in return, executed a general release.
On January 30, 2020, plaintiff commenced this action against defendants within the revived statute of limitations for certain child sexual abuse cases (see CPLR 214–g, as added by L 2019, ch 11, § 3), asserting various claims for damages. In lieu of serving an answer, defendants moved to dismiss the complaint upon the ground that plaintiff could not maintain the action because of the 2016 release (see CPLR 3211[a][5] ). Supreme Court granted defendants’ motion, and plaintiff appeals.
We affirm. "Generally, a valid release constitutes a complete bar to an action on a claim which is the subject of the release" ( Centro Empresarial Cempresa S.A. v. Ame´rica Mo´vil, S.A.B. de C.V., 17 N.Y.3d 269, 276, 929 N.Y.S.2d 3, 952 N.E.2d 995 [2011] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see Ford v. Phillips, 121 A.D.3d 1232, 1234, 994 N.Y.S.2d 688 [2014] ). Contrary to plaintiff's contention, defendants met their initial burden by producing the 2016 release, signed by him, in which he broadly released the Diocese, its parishes, employees and related individuals and entities from, among other things, "any and all claims ... of any nature whatsoever, in law or equity, known or unknown arising from or by reason of any matter, act, omission, cause or thing whatsoever, whether known or unknown, foreseen or unforeseen, including without limitation any and all claims by or on behalf of [plaintiff] that [defendants] have ever committed." Plaintiff further agreed that "he [would] not hereafter institute ... any claim or action [against defendants] ... arising out of any matter that occurred or failed to occur up to and including" the 2016 execution of the release, "including, without limitations, any matter asserted or which might have been asserted" by him. Extrinsic evidence is not considered in assessing whether the language of a release "unambiguously bars a particular claim," and the foregoing leaves no doubt that the 2016 release encompasses all claims that plaintiff seeks to pursue in this action ( Matter of Walter, 180 A.D.3d 1201, 1203–1204, 119 N.Y.S.3d 278 [2020] ; see Stevens v. Town of Chenango [Forks], 167 A.D.3d 1105, 1106–1107, 89 N.Y.S.3d 418 [2018] ; Rubycz–Boyar v. Mondragon, 15 A.D.3d 811, 812–813, 790 N.Y.S.2d 266 [2005], lv denied 5 N.Y.3d 703, 800 N.Y.S.2d 374, 833 N.E.2d 709 [2005] ). Further, the fact that the statute of limitations was modified following the 2016 release to remove a bar to pursuing those claims does not alter that conclusion, as plaintiff "may not reopen a voluntary settlement agreement to take advantage of a subsequent change in the law" ( Cutler v. Travelers Ins. Co., 159 A.D.2d 1014, 1015, 552 N.Y.S.2d 998 [1990], lv dismissed and denied 76 N.Y.2d 768, 559 N.Y.S.2d 976, 559 N.E.2d 670 [1990] ; see Krichmar v. Krichmar, 42 N.Y.2d 858, 859–860, 397 N.Y.S.2d 775, 366 N.E.2d 863 [1977] ; Ianielli v. North Riv. Ins. Co., 119 A.D.2d 317, 321, 506 N.Y.S.2d 970 [1986], lv denied 69 N.Y.2d 606, 514 N.Y.S.2d 1024, 507 N.E.2d 320 [1987] ). Defendants therefore demonstrated the existence of a binding general release, shifting the burden to plaintiff to show questions "of fact as to whether the release bars this action" ( Ford v. Phillips, 121 A.D.3d at 1233, 994 N.Y.S.2d 688 ; see Centro Empresarial Cempresa S.A. v. Ame´rica Mo´vil, S.A.B. de C.V., 17 N.Y.3d at 276, 929 N.Y.S.2d 3, 952 N.E.2d 995 ).
In that regard, "[a] party is bound by his or her signature on a release containing language that is clear and unambiguous, unless cause exists sufficient to invalidate a contract, such as duress, illegality, fraud or mutual mistake" ( Lodhi v. Stewart's Shops Corp., 52 A.D.3d 1084, 1085, 861 N.Y.S.2d 160 [2008] ; see Centro Empresarial Cempresa S.A. v. Ame´rica Mo´vil, S.A.B. de C.V., 17 N.Y.3d at 276, 929 N.Y.S.2d 3, 952 N.E.2d 995 ; Mangini v. McClurg, 24 N.Y.2d 556, 563, 301 N.Y.S.2d 508, 249 N.E.2d 386 [1969] ). Plaintiff alleges that he mistakenly believed that the 2016 release only encompassed his claim for compensation for counseling expenses as opposed to claims for future pain and suffering, but both the language of the release and the correspondence between counsel in the leadup to its execution confirm that the Diocese did not share that misunderstanding. To the contrary, the correspondence confirms that counsel for the Diocese corrected counsel for plaintiff when she suggested that the release would be a partial one that did not cover his "ongoing pain and suffering," advising her that the contemplated settlement "indirectly recognize[d] pain and suffering through the counseling" and would "require the execution of a general release." As such, any mistake by plaintiff was "a mere unilateral mistake ... with respect to the meaning and effect of the release ... [and] does not constitute an adequate basis for invalidating" it ( Booth v. 3669 Del., Inc., 242 A.D.2d 921, 922, 662 N.Y.S.2d 642 [1997], affd 92 N.Y.2d 934, 680 N.Y.S.2d 899, 703 N.E.2d 757 [1998] ; see Stevens v. Town of Chenango [Forks], 167 A.D.3d at 1107, 89 N.Y.S.3d 418 ; Phillips v. Savage, 159 A.D.3d 1581, 1581, 70 N.Y.S.3d 425 [2018] ). Plaintiff's related allegations as to how the Diocese materially misrepresented the scope of the 2016 release are conclusively debunked by both the correspondence between counsel and the language of the release itself (compare Lodhi v. Stewart's Shops Corp., 52 A.D.3d at 1085, 861 N.Y.S.2d 160, and Kavoukian v. Kaletta, 294 A.D.2d 646, 647, 742 N.Y.S.2d 157 [2002], with Bloss v. Va‘ad Harabonim of Riverdale, 203 A.D.2d 36, 39–40, 610 N.Y.S.2d 197 [1994] ). Plaintiff's intimations of duress and unconscionability are no more compelling and, thus, we agree with Supreme Court that the unambiguous 2016 release was valid and barred the complaint in this action.
Garry, P.J., Aarons and Colangelo, JJ., concur.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.