We have recently held that claims arising out of contract made by homeowners against professional builders-sellers are subject to the six-year limitations period provided in OCGA ยง 9-3-24. Smith v. KLS Constr. Co., 247 Ga. App. 493 ( 544 S.E.2d 197) (2001); Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113, 114 (1) ( 541 S.E.2d 103) (2000); Stimson v. George Laycock, Inc., 247 Ga. App. 1, 3 (1) ( 542 S.E.2d 121) (2000). Further, "the same six-year statute of limitation that applies to a contract for construction also applies to a contract for the sale of new construction by a professional builder-seller."
We have repeatedly held that the six-year statute of limitations set out in OCGA ยง 9-3-24 applies to contract claims (whether breach of implied warranty, breach of express warranty, or breach of sale/construction contract) by homeowners against professional builder-sellers and have specifically applied this to contract claims arising out of damages caused by water leakage through synthetic stucco. Rosenheimer v. Tidal Constr. Co., 250 Ga. App. 145, 146-147(2) ( 550 S.E.2d 698) (2001); Hickey v. Bowden, 248 Ga. App. 647, 648-649(1) ( 548 S.E.2d 347) (2001); Stimson v. George Laycock, Inc., 247 Ga. App. 1, 3-4(1) ( 542 S.E.2d 121) (2000); Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113, 114-115(1) ( 541 S.E.2d 103) (2000). The four-year period set out in OCGA ยง 9-3-30(a) applies to related tort claims.
We agree with the plaintiffs. See Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113, 115-116 (2) ( S.E.2d) (2000).Hickey v. Bowden, 248 Ga. App. 647, 649 (2) (S.E.2d) (2001).
1. The statute of limitations which is applicable to Plaintiffs' tort claims, including their products liability claims, is found in OCGA ยง 9-3-30(a). Corporation of Mercer Univ. v. Nat. Gypsum Co., 258 Ga. 365, 366(1) ( 368 S.E.2d 732) (1988); Mitchell v. Contractors Specialty Supply, 247 Ga. App. 628, 629 ( 544 S.E.2d 533) (2001); Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113, 115(2) ( 541 S.E.2d 103) (2000); Hanna v. McWilliams, 213 Ga. App. 648, 649(2)(a) ( 446 S.E.2d 741) (1994). Compare OCGA ยง 9-3-30(b) (providing a special rule for synthetic stucco causes of action which do not expire before March 28, 2000);Daniel v. American Optical Corp., 251 Ga. 166, 167(1) ( 304 S.E.2d 383) (1983).
OCGA ยง 9-3-24.Smith v. KLS Constr. Co., 247 Ga. App. 493, 494 (1) ( 544 SE2d 197) (2001); Costrini, supra at 137 (1); Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113, 114 (1) ( 541 SE2d 103) (2000); Fort Oglethorpe Assoc. 11 v. Hails Constr. Co. c, 196 Ga. App. 663 (1) ( 396 SE2d 585) (1990); Space Leasing Assoc. v. Atlantic Bldg. Systems, 144 Ga. App. 320, 324 (2) ( 241 SE2d 438) (1977). OCGA ยง 9-3-50 (2).
Stimson v. George Laycock, Inc., 247 Ga. App. 1, 3-4 (1) ( 542 SE2d 121) (2000).Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113, 114-115 (1) ( 541 SE2d 103) (2000). (Emphasis supplied.)
Suits based upon moisture damage to a new home within one to six years of completion occurred when artificial or synthetic stucco cladding was either defective, improperly used, or negligently installed. Colormatch Exteriors v. Hickey, 275 Ga. 249 ( 569 SE2d 495) (2002) (four years); Clearwater Constr. Co. v. McClung, 261 Ga. App. 789, 790 ( 584 SE2d 61) (2003) (two years); Stancliff v. Brown Webb Builders, 254 Ga. App. 224 ( 561 SE2d 438) (2002) (less than four years); Gropper v. STO Corp., 250 Ga. App. 820 ( 552 SE2d 118) (2001) (less than four years); Rosenheimer v. Tidal Construction Co., 250 Ga. App. 145 ( 550 SE2d 698) (2001) (five years); Stimson v. George Laycock, Inc., 247 Ga. App. 1 ( 542 SE2d 121) (2000); Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113 ( 541 SE2d 103) (2000) (barred by four-year statute of limitation) overruled on other grounds Colormatch Exteriors v. Hickey, supra; Smith v. KLS Constr. Co., 247 Ga. App. 493 ( 544 SE2d 197 (2001) (five years); Mitchell v. Contractors Specialty Supply, 247 Ga. App. 628 ( 544 SE2d 533) (2001) (five years); Hall v. Harris, 239 Ga. App. 812 ( 521 SE2d 638) (1999) (less than four years); Dayoub v. Yates-Astro Termite Pest Control Co., 239 Ga. App. 578 ( 521 SE2d 600) (1999) (less than four years); Regency Exec. Plaza c. v. Wilmock, Inc., 237 Ga. App. 193 ( 514 SE2d 446) (1999) (less than four years). Moisture and termite damage caused by use of EIFS. See Dayoub v. Yates-Astro Termite Pest Control Co., supra at 579; Hall v. Harris, supra at 813-815.
This product was used extensively in residential construction during the 1980s and 1990s, but was found to be prone to moisture migration and termite infestation. See, e.g., Colormatch Exteriors v. Hickey, 275 Ga. 249 ( 569 SE2d 495) (2002); Dryvit Systems v. Stein, 256 Ga. App. 327 ( 568 SE2d 569) (2002); Grossman v. Brown Webb Builders, 255 Ga. App. 897 ( 567 SE2d 116) (2002); Mitchell v. Contractors Specialty Supply, 247 Ga. App. 628 ( 544 SE2d 533) (2001); Smith v. KLS Constr. Co., 247 Ga. App. 493 ( 544 SE2d 197) (2001); Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113 ( 541 SE2d 103) (2000); Stimson v. George Laycock, Inc., 247 Ga. App. 1 ( 542 SE2d 121) (2000); Hall v. Harris, 239 Ga. App. 812 ( 521 SE2d 638) (1999). The Georgia General Assembly has provided a special rule for synthetic stucco causes of action that did not expire before March 28, 2000, OCGA ยง 9-3-30 (b), but that provision is not applicable here.
Thomas v. Shapiro, 189 Ga. App. 268, 269(2) ( 375 S.E.2d 282) (1988).Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113, 115(1) ( 541 S.E.2d 103) (2000); Hall v. Harris, 239 Ga. App. 812, 817(4) ( 521 S.E.2d 638) (1999). See Housing Auth. c. of Carrollton v. Ayers, 211 Ga. 728, 733-734(6) ( 88 S.E.2d 368) (1955); Burton v. Campbell Coal Co., 95 Ga. App. 338, 339 ( 97 S.E.2d 924) (1957).
And, in fact, in a number of recent decisions, this Court has applied the six-year limitation period to contract claims arising out of the use of synthetic stucco. See e.g. Smith v. KLS Constr. Co., 247 Ga. App. 493 ( 544 S.E.2d 197) (2001); Mitchell v. Jones, 247 Ga. App. 113 ( 541 S.E.2d 103) (2000); Stimson v. George Laycock, Inc. 247 Ga. App. 1 ( 542 S.E.2d 121) (2000). The defendants argue, however, that these recent decisions were wrongly decided, citing Daniel v. American Optical Corp., 251 Ga. 166 ( 304 S.E.2d 383) (1983).