Opinion
A00A0742.
DECIDED: APRIL 14, 2000.
Habitual violator. Gwinnett State Court. Before Judge Mock.
Wilton V. Miller, pro se. Gerald N. Blaney, Jr., Solicitor, Daniel J. Whitworth, Jeffrey P. Kwiatkowski, Staci B. Abrams, Assistant Solicitors, for appellee.
The state accused Wilton Miller of being a habitual violator, making an illegal u-turn, driving without insurance, driving without proof of insurance, and driving with a revoked license. Miller denied the accusations and elected to represent himself without counsel.
At trial, the state presented a police officer who testified that on July 19, 1999, he saw Miller almost hit another vehicle when he made a u-turn in front of that vehicle, that he stopped Miller because of the improper u-turn, that he discovered Miller's license had been suspended, and that Miller had only expired insurance cards but no proof of current insurance on his car. The state also introduced certified documents from the Georgia Department of Public Safety showing that Miller had previously been declared a habitual violator, that his driver's license had been revoked several years ago, and that his license had not been reinstated.
The jury found Miller guilty of all the charged offenses. And the court entered a judgment of conviction on the verdict, sentencing Miller to serve two consecutive twelve month sentences.
Miller appeals pro se, asserting nineteen enumerations of error. We find that none of the enumerated errors is meritorious, and therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.
1. Miller claims that at his first appearance hearing on July 20, 1999, the magistrate refused his request to represent himself. The burden is on the complaining party, including a pro se appellant, to compile a complete record of what happened below, and when this is not done there is nothing for an appellate court to review. Miller has not met this burden because there is no transcript of the first appearance hearing. Nor is there any other evidence in the record showing that the magistrate in fact disregarded a knowing and voluntary waiver by Miller of his right to counsel.
Kegler v. State, 267 Ga. 147, 148 (3) ( 475 S.E.2d 593) (1996); Farris v. State, 236 Ga. App. 241 ( 511 S.E.2d 601) (1999).
See Hayes v. State, 203 Ga. App. 143, 144 (2) ( 416 S.E.2d 347) (1992).
Furthermore, we note that Miller was allowed to exercise his right to represent himself at trial. So we fail to see how the appointment of counsel at the first appearance hearing, if such appointment actually occurred over Miller's knowing and voluntary waiver of counsel, constitutes a basis for reversing Miller's convictions.
See Loggins v. State, 225 Ga. App. 713, 715-716(4) ( 484 S.E.2d 758) (1997). Compare Coppolla v. State, 238 Ga. App. 567, 570-573(2) ( 519 S.E.2d 494) (1999).
2. Miller complains that at his commitment hearing held on July 23, 1999, the state denied him the right to due process by moving to increase his bond and by initiating an unlawful arraignment. There is no transcript of the hearing in question and Miller has not shown by the record how a motion to increase his bond denied him due process or that there was an unlawful arraignment. Miller therefore has not met his burden of proving error by the record.
Kegler, supra; Farris, supra.
3. Miller contends the court erred in denying his motion to dismiss all the charges on the ground that the officer who arrested him did not appear at the commitment hearing. This contention is not supported by the record because there is no transcript of that hearing.
See Kegler, supra; Farris, supra.
Moreover, Miller has not indicated why the officer's alleged non-appearance at the hearing would have provided a basis for the court to dismiss all of the charges brought against him by the state. The only thing we can presume is that Miller may have intended to claim that the state could not have proved probable cause at the hearing without the officer. But hearsay is admissible at a commitment hearing, so even without the arresting officer's testimony, the state still could have established probable cause through other hearsay evidence. In any event, we do not know exactly what happened at the hearing because of the absence of a transcript.
In re R. B., 264 Ga. 602, 603 ( 448 S.E.2d 690) (1994).
Furthermore, at this point, the jury verdict of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt demonstrates that there was probable cause to charge Miller with the offenses for which he was convicted, so any error at the commitment hearing was harmless.
See generally Ferrell v. State, 203 Ga. App. 479, 480 (1) ( 416 S.E.2d 903) (1992). See also Fleming v. State, 236 Ga. 434, 436 (S.E.2d) (1976) (after indictment and conviction, even the complete lack of a commitment hearing will not be considered reversible error).
4. Miller claims that the court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the habitual violator charge on the ground that his driver's license had actually been reinstated. Miller has not cited any evidence in the record to support his claim that at the time he was driving on July 19, 1999, he had a valid driver's license. On the contrary, the only evidence on that issue was presented by the state at trial in the form of certified documents showing that his suspended license has never been reinstated. Accordingly, Miller has again failed to support his claim of error by the record.
See Kegler, supra; Farris, supra.
5. Miller argues that the court erred in proceeding with the trial while he still had several motions pending. The only pending motion that he has actually identified in his brief was a motion to change venue on the ground that his prior conviction for being a habitual violator was published in a newspaper.
All motions must be filed at or before the arraignment, unless the time for filing is extended by the judge in writing prior to trial. Miller did not get an extension of time from the judge for the filing of his change of venue motion, which was filed approximately two months after the arraignment, and less than two weeks before trial. The trial court therefore did not err in not ruling on Miller's untimely motion.
Haska v. State, 240 Ga. App. 527 (1) ( 523 S.E.2d 589) (1999).
See Stewart v. State, 232 Ga. App. 565, 566-567 (2) ( 502 S.E.2d 502) (1998) (trial court properly dismissed untimely motion to suppress).
6. Miller's enumerated error that the jury array did not represent a cross-section of the community is written on an otherwise blank page, completely unsupported by any argument, record citations or legal authority. The enumerated error is thus deemed abandoned.
Court of Appeals Rule 27 (c) (2).
7. Miller complains that the court improperly limited his opening statement. The purpose of the opening statement is to give the jury and the court an outline of the evidence that the party anticipates presenting, whereas the purpose of the closing argument is to recount the evidence presented and suggest the conclusion demanded by that evidence. The trial court has the right and duty to govern the scope of argument both before and after the presentation of evidence, and the proper range of argument is a matter within the court's discretion.
Williams v. State, 218 Ga. App. 571, 573 (2) ( 462 S.E.2d 457) (1995).
Id.
In this case, the court properly instructed Miller to state in his opening remarks only what he anticipated the evidence to show. Miller, however, repeatedly ignored the court's instructions and attempted to argue his case and refer to matters that would not be proved by the evidence. Under those circumstances, we find no abuse of discretion in the court's limiting of Miller's opening statement only to matters that would be shown by the evidence.
See Walden v. State, 267 Ga. 162, 164 (2) (c) ( 476 S.E.2d 259) (1996).
8. Miller argues that the court erred in not allowing him to cross-examine the arresting officer about whether Miller asked him at the scene of the traffic stop to place a telephone call to verify that Miller indeed had valid automobile insurance. The trial transcript reveals that Miller actually did ask the officer three times about whether Miller had made such a request at the traffic scene, and each time the officer said he did not recall. It was only after Miller attempted to ask the officer the same question a fourth time that the trial court instructed Miller to move on to another subject.
"The trial court may curtail inquiries which are unduly repetitive or harassing and may exercise reasonable judgment in determining when a subject is exhausted. Such restrictions lie within the discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed on appeal unless manifestly abused"
(Citation omitted.) Daniels v. State, 235 Ga. App. 296, 297 (1) ( 509 S.E.2d 368) (1998).
Here, the trial court did not manifestly abuse its discretion in curtailing Miller's repeated questioning on a subject matter that had been exhausted.
9. Miller claims the court erred in allowing a state's investigator to testify because the state had not given Miller a list of its witnesses pursuant to his discovery request. Although Miller told the trial judge he had not gotten the list, the state informed the trial court at a pretrial hearing that it had given Miller a witness list. And during the trial the state presented a legal assistant who testified that before the trial she had provided Miller with a list of state witnesses, including the investigator.
So, contrary to Miller's claim, there is some evidence in the record to support a finding by the trial court that the state did in fact provide Miller with the witness list. Furthermore, the remedies available to a defendant who claims a witness was not properly identified are a continuance or a mistrial, neither of which was sought here. The trial court thus did not abuse its discretion in permitting the investigator to testify.
See Mize v. State, 269 Ga. 646, 653 (7) ( 501 S.E.2d 219) (1998); Moody v. State, 258 Ga. 818, 821 (4) ( 375 S.E.2d 30) (1989).
See Moody, supra.
10. Miller objects that the court erred in allowing the state to introduce two Department of Public Safety license suspension notices because they put Miller's character in issue by showing DUI citation numbers. Although Miller objected when the state tendered these documents for admission, he did not raise the specific objection that he now raises. To preserve a specific point for appellate review, an objection based on that specific ground must be made in the trial court. Because no such contemporaneous objection was made here, the issue was not preserved for our review.
Frymyer v. State, 179 Ga. App. 391, 393 (3) ( 346 S.E.2d 573) (1986).
11. Miller contends that the court erred in admitting a state exhibit showing that he had been declared a habitual violator because that habitual violator declaration was later vacated by another court. But Miller presented no evidence to the trial court, and has cited no evidence here, in support of this claim, and thus has failed to support his claim of error by the record.
See Kegler, supra; Farris, supra.
12. Miller complains that the court erred in admitting the state's exhibit showing his driving history because it showed his prior DUI convictions and other driving offenses which put his character in issue. At the time the document was admitted, Miller objected that it was highly improper, but did not specifically argue that it put his character in issue. Absent a contemporaneous objection on the specific ground now asserted on appeal, the issue is not preserved for our review.
Frymyer, supra.
13. Miller's contention that a state exhibit showing he had been declared a habitual violator was somehow favorable to him and was improperly withheld by the state is unpersuasive. In any event, even if the habitual violator notice could be construed as being favorable to Miller, there is no Brady violation where the information becomes available to the accused at trial, as it did here.
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 ( 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215) (1963).
Stephens v. State, 264 Ga. 761, 762 (3) ( 450 S.E.2d 192) (1994).
14. Miller argues that he was prejudiced by the judge having heard Miller's driving record from a witness outside the jury's presence. Miller failed to raise this argument in the trial court and thus cannot raise it for the first time on appeal. Moreover, it is unclear from Miller's argument exactly how he was prejudiced, and he has cited nothing in the record to support his claim. We find no evidence that the judge was prejudiced against Miller.
See Frymyer, supra.
See Kegler, supra; Farris, supra.
See Najmaister v. State, 196 Ga. App. 345, 347 (2) ( 396 S.E.2d 71) (1990).
15. Miller asserts that the judge violated OCGA § 17-8-57 by expressing his opinion about the dates shown on two of the state's exhibits. The specific comments that Miller complains of were made outside the jury's presence, so there was no violation of OCGA § 17-8-57. And there is no indication that the judge later intimated any opinion to the jury about the case. We find no error.
See Smith v. State, 236 Ga. App. 122, 124-125 (3) ( 511 S.E.2d 223) (1999).
See Grayer v. State, 181 Ga. App. 845, 846 (3) ( 354 S.E.2d 191) (1987).
16. Contrary to Miller's claim, the arresting officer's uncontradicted testimony that Miller produced only expired insurance cards and no proof of current insurance on his car was sufficient evidence to support the jury's finding beyond a reasonable doubt that Miller was guilty of driving without insurance.
See Nunn v. State, 224 Ga. App. 312, 313 (1) (b) ( 480 S.E.2d 614) (1997) (physical precedent only); Odum v. State, 220 Ga. App. 263, 263-264 ( 469 S.E.2d 394) (1996).
17. Miller argues that the habitual violator statute, OCGA § 40-5-58, violates constitutional due process requirements by allowing the state to suspend a driver's license without first having a hearing. This argument has already been decided adversely to Miller by the Supreme Court, which has held that Georgia's statutory scheme of an administrative appeal and a de novo review in the superior court of the revocation of a habitual offender's license meets the due process requirements of both the state and federal constitutions.
See Quiller v. Bowman, 262 Ga. 769, 770 n. 1 ( 425 S.E.2d 641) (1993); Hardison v. Shepard, 246 Ga. 196, 198 (2) ( 269 S.E.2d 458) (1980); Hardison v Booker, 179 Ga. App. 693, 694 (3) ( 347 S.E.2d 681) (1986).
18. Miller contends that the trial court erred in preventing him from expressing his opinion of the law during his closing argument. The right to comment on the law to the jury is not absolute, but is subject to limitations imposed by the court in the exercise of its discretion. Here, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in prohibiting Miller from giving his opinion of, or otherwise misstating, the law.
Simmons v. State, 172 Ga. App. 695, 698 (6) ( 324 S.E.2d 546) (1984).
See Massey v. State, Case No. S99A1450 (5) (decided January 18, 2000).
19. Miller claims that the court erred in considering evidence presented by the state in aggravation of punishment that was not made known to him prior to trial. The claim is without merit because the state is not required to give pretrial notice of evidence in aggravation of punishment in misdemeanor cases such as this. Judgment affirmed. Phipps, J., and Senior Appellate Judge McMurray, concur.
See Williams v. State, 221 Ga. App. 291, 295 (3) ( 470 S.E.2d 922) (1996) (physical precedent only).