"The rule is stated by some authorities in this form: a surety may revoke and end its liability, either where the guaranty contract has no definite time to run, or where it has such time, but the principal has so violated it, that the bondsmen may lawfully terminate it on account of the breach." LaRose v. Logansport Nat. Bk., 102 Ind. 332, 1 N.E. 805; Emery v. Baltz, 94 N.Y. 408; Singer Mfg. Co. v. Draughan, 121 N.C. 88, 28 S.E. 136; White Sewing Mach. Co. v. Courtney, 141 Cal. 674, 75 P. 296. After noting the rule in England as contrary, the court says:
Letter stating that in consideration that firm will sell certain person merchandise signer of letter would personally guarantee payment of any of his accounts up to a certain maximum is a continuing guaranty. Ricketson v. Lizotte et al., 90 Vt. 386, 390; Aitken v. Lang, 106 Ky. 652; Singer Mfg. Co. v. Draughan, 121 N.C. 88; Jordan v. Dobbins, 122 Mass. 168; 12 R.C.L. 1061, § 11. M.H. Alexander for the defendant.
A full and comprehensive discussion of the distinction between a contract of guaranty and a contract of indemnity is found in the case of Anderson v. Spence (Ind.) 37 Am. Rep. 162, which sustains the rule announced herein. The two leading cases, Singer Mfg. Co. v. Draughan (N.C.) 61 Am. St. R. 657, and Aitken Son Co. v. Lang (Ky.) 90 Am. St. R. 263, relied upon by counsel for the defendant, emphasize the correctness of the rule hereinbefore announced and, in fact, are authority for the position that the contract in question is one of indemnity. The Singer Mfg. Company Case holds that the contract there in question was a continuing guaranty.
The bond is a continuing guaranty as to future transactions, and such guaranty may be revoked. (Civ. Code, secs. 2814, 2815; McShame v. Padian, 142 N.Y. 207; Hatch v. Hobbs, 12 Gray, 447; Farmers and Mechanics' Bank v. Kercheval, 2 Mich. 505; Brandt on Suretyship and Guaranty, secs. 157-164; Agawam Bank v. Strever, 18 N.Y. 502; Howe Machine Co. v. Farrington, 82 N.Y. 121; Bostwick v. Van Voorhis, 91 N.Y. 353; La Rose v. Logansport Nat.Bank, 102 Ind. 332; Conduitt v. Ryan, 3 Ind. App. 1; Mathews v. Phelps, 61 Mich. 327;Singer Mfg. Co. v. Draughan, 121 N.C. 88;Weed Sewing Machine Co. v. Winchell, 107 Ind. 260.) The written release, given at the surety's request, extinguished the obligation.
PER CURIAM Venire de novo. Cited: Thompson v. Humphrey, 83 N.C. 418; Carey v. Carey, 104 N.C. 174; Bright v. Marcom, 121 N.C. 88; Johnson v. Cameron, 136 N.C. 244; Zollicoffer v. Zollicoffer, 168 N.C. 329. Dist.: Loftin v. Loftin, 96 N.C. 99.
The rule is stated by some authorities in this form: A surety may revoke and end his liability, either where the guaranty contract has no definite time to run, or where it has such time, but the principal has so violated it, that the bondsmen may lawfully terminate it on account of the breach. Cases to this effect are La Rose v. Logansport Nat. Bank, 102 Ind. 332, 1 N.E. 805; Emery v. Baltz, 94 N.Y. 408; Singer Mfg. Co. v. Draughan, 121 N.C. 88, 28 S.E. 136, 61 Am. St. Rep., 657; White Sewing Mach. Co. v. Courtney, 141 Cal. 674, 75 P. 296, and many other cases. Counsel for plaintiff in error cite and rely on two cases: Gordon v. Calvert, 2 Simmons, 252, 57 Eng. Rep. Reprint, 784, and National Life Ins. Co. v. Olhaber, 17 W.L.B., 353, 9 Dec. Rep., 842.