Opinion
No. 19-1500
11-12-2019
MEDICAL MUTUAL OF OHIO, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ABBVIE INC., et al., Defendants-Appellees.
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 Before FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge AMY C. BARRETT, Circuit Judge Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 14 C 8857
Matthew F. Kennelly, Judge.
Order
Medical Mutual of Ohio contends in this suit under the civil-liability section of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), 18 U.S.C. §1964, that several pharmaceutical companies promoted testosterone creams for uses other than those approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Physicians are free to prescribe drugs for off-label uses, but manufacturers are forbidden to promote those uses. 21 U.S.C. §§ 321(p), 355(a), 396. Manufacturers also are forbidden to make false and misleading statements about their products. Medical Mutual asserts that the defendants made false or misleading statements to promote off-label uses, causing it to pay more for these drugs than it would have done had the defendants lived up to their legal obligations. The district court granted the defendants' motion for summary judgment. 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 24063 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 14, 2019).
Although the district court administered Medical Mutual's suit as part of multidistrict litigation under the caption In re Testosterone Replacement Therapy Products Liability Litigation, MDL 2545, it was not consolidated with any of the other suits. Thus the final disposition of Medical Mutual's claims is immediately appealable. See Gelboim v. Bank of America Corp., 135 S. Ct. 897 (2015); Hall v. Hall, 138 S. Ct. 1118 (2018).
The district court addressed at length the possibility that Medical Mutual was adversely affected by improper statements made directly to it or its pharmacy benefits manager. It ruled that no reasonable jury could conclude that Medical Mutual or the pharmacy benefits manager relied on any of these statements. 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 24063 at *416-52. We agree with the district court's assessment, which need not be repeated here.
The possibility that Medical Mutual was derivatively affected by statements made to physicians or patients does not support liability under RICO, given the analysis of causation in Sidney Hillman Health Center v. Abbott Laboratories, 873 F.3d 574 (7th Cir. 2017).
AFFIRMED