Opinion
Civ. No. 84.
December 9, 1905.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Tuolumne County, and from an order denying a new trial. G. W. Nicol, Judge.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
F. P. Otis, for Appellants.
E. W. Holland, for Respondents.
This is an action to recover damages resulting from a fire started by sparks from a locomotive. The complaint alleges that the defendants negligently permitted dry grass, leaves, and other combustible material to remain on the track and right of way of a railroad owned and operated by them, and that by reason of the negligent and careless manner in which the defendants and their servants and employees ran and managed the locomotives and cars on said railroad sparks of fire escaped from a locomotive and ignited and set fire to such combustible material, which fire spread to adjoining lands, where the property of plaintiffs was situated, and burned and destroyed said property to their damage in the sum of $809. The defendant West Side Lumber Company denied that it at any time owned or had an interest in such railroad, or was engaged in operating the same. Both defendants united in denying the other allegation of the complaint. The cause was tried before a jury, and the verdict rendered reads as follows: "We, the jury, in the above-entitled action, find a verdict in favor of the plaintiffs in the sum of $300 damages." The judgment entered by the clerk, after the usual preliminary recitals, contains a copy of the verdict, and concludes by adjudging and decreeing that the plaintiffs do have and recover of and from the Hetch-Hetchy and Yosemite Valleys Railway Company of California, one of the defendants in said action, the sum of $300, with costs. The defendants appeal from the judgment and from the order denying their motion for a new trial.
The verdict is strictly within the issues made by the pleadings; and, this being the case, the clerk had no authority to enter a judgment at variance with the verdict as recorded. (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 664; 11 Ency. of Pl. Pr., pp. 904, 905; 18 Ency. of Pl. Pr., pp. 429 et seq., 448, 451; Watson v. San Francisco R. R. Co., 50 Cal. 524; Patochi v. Central Pacific R. R., 52 Cal. 90.) In entering a judgment on a verdict or findings, the clerk performs a ministerial duty, and he can neither enlarge nor abridge the scope of the judgment. ( Crim v. Kessing, 89 Cal. 478, [23 Am. St. Rep. 491, 26 P. 1074]; County of Sacramento v. Central Pacific R. R. Co., 61 Cal. 255; 18 Ency. of Pl. Pr., p. 448.) It is said that the verdict does not support the view that the jury found against both of the defendants, but unanswerable rules of logic make it clear that it is against both or neither of them. It must be construed as a verdict against both, upon which a judgment against both jointly should have been entered. (11 Ency. of Pl. Pr., pp. 856, 857; McLaughlin v. Kelly, 22 Cal. 222; Winans v. Christy, 4 Cal. 76, [60 Am. Dec. 597].) The cause was at issue as to both of the defendants, and the jury was called upon to determine the issues of fact presented by the pleadings. ( Schultz v. McLean, 76 Cal. 609, [18 P. 775]; 11 Ency. of Pl. Pr., pp. 865, 866.) This duty they performed, and their verdict when recorded was conclusive evidence as to the facts in issue. The clerk could not change or disregard the verdict, however erroneous the conclusion of the jury may have seemed. He could not pass upon the weight or sufficiency of the evidence, and enter judgment according to his idea of what the verdict should have been.
Respondents argue that there was no evidence to establish the liability of the West Side Lumber Company, and hence that the judgment was properly entered against the other defendant. Waiving the rule as to the limited authority of the clerk in the premises, we cannot imagine how the fact that there is no evidence to support the verdict can aid the judgment. The verdict was against both defendants as joint tort-feasors, and the judgment singles out one only as liable. This the law will not tolerate. If the finding or verdict be against all defendants, and the judgment runs against one only, the latter is clearly prejudiced. A judgment must be supported by the verdict, and manifestly this judgment is not so supported. True, the verdict as to the West Side Lumber Company is unsupported by the evidence, but this fact simply destroys the verdict. The jury having found by their verdict that both defendants were jointly liable, we cannot remodel that verdict or make a new one, fixing a several liability for the whole sum on one of them. When a verdict is not supported by the evidence, the law provides several modes of correcting the error. (Code Civ. Proc., secs. 647, 650, 652 (6), 662, 956.) In such a case appellate courts will not make verdicts or findings contrary to the conclusion of jury or court ( Blood v. La Serena Land etc. Co., 113 Cal. 230, [41 P. 1017, 45 P. 252]), but will remand the cause for a new trial. ( Maine Boys etc. Co. v. Boston T. Co., 37 Cal. 40.) Although we can see no escape from the conclusion that the verdict is joint, reversal must follow, even if respondent's interpretation of its terms be accepted as correct. If that construction be adopted, then the jury failed to find on the issues raised by the pleadings. The West Side Lumber Company, in common with its codefendant, was entitled to a verdict or judgment one way or the other, and, if the jury failed to find on issues presented by that corporation, there was a mistrial. ( Schultz v. McLean, 76 Cal. 609, [18 P. 775]; Rankin v. Central Pacific R. R. Co., 73 Cal. 94, [15 P. 57].) And it is now too late to correct the error in any other mode than by a retrial. The court or jury may find against one or more of several defendants. (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 579.) But there must be a finding or verdict for or against each defendant.
The evidence as to the emission of sparks by engines about the time of the fire or a little before was admissible. ( Liverpool Ins. Co. v. Southern Pac. Co., 125 Cal. 441, [58 P. 55].) Many other alleged errors in the admission of evidence will not be noticed for reasons stated in People v. Woon Tuck Wo, 120 Cal. 297, [52 P. 833], and Humphrey v. Pope, 1 Cal.App. 374, [ 82 P. 223]. Instruction No. 1, requested by plaintiff, read as a whole, contains a correct statement of the law. If the defendants negligently allowed combustible material to accumulate upon their track and right of way, and a spark from one of their locomotives set it on fire, the use of the best of appliances to prevent the escape of sparks would not excuse its negligence in other particulars. It was error to refuse to give defendants' instruction No. 1. The plaintiffs were bound to prove the cause of action stated in their complaint, and this instruction simply told the jury that they must prove their case. We do not deem it necessary to discuss other assignments of error in giving or refusing instructions. Suffice it to say that instructions numbered 14, 15, and 18, requested by defendants, entirely ignore the rule that a railroad company must use reasonable diligence and care in preventing a fire occasioned by sparks from spreading from their right of way to adjoining lands.
The judgment and order are reversed.
Chipman, P. J., and Buckles, J., concurred.