McCreary v. City of Phila

Full title: Joan McCreary, Appellant v. City of Philadelphia, Appellee

Court: Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania

Date published: Feb 26, 1986

95 Pa. Commw. 285 (Pa. Cmmw. Ct. 1986)

505 A.2d 385

Opinion

Argued December 10, 1985

February 26, 1986.

Governmental immunity — Appeals — Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1030 — New matter — Preliminary objections.

1. As a general rule, a litigant may not raise a new argument for the first time in an appellate court. [287]

2. Even though Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 1030 requires that the defense of governmental immunity be raised in new matter, immunity may be raised in preliminary objections when that defense is apparent on the face of the pleading being challenged; but a party may object by preliminary objections to an opponent's raising of immunity in an improper manner by preliminary objections, and when that is done, the trial court should strike those preliminary objections raising immunity and require that the municipality plead immunity as new matter. [287-8]

Argued December 10, 1985, before President Judge CRUMLISH, JR., Judge BARRY, and Senior Judge BLATT, sitting as a panel of three.

Appeal, No. 60 T.D. 1984, from the Order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County in the case of Joan McCreary v. City of Philadelphia, No. 3995 January Term, 1984.

Complaint in trespass in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County against City of Philadelphia. City filed preliminary objections. Complainant filed preliminary objections to City's preliminary objections. Complainant's preliminary objections dismissed. City's preliminary objections sustained and complaint dismissed. DiBONA, J. Complainant appealed to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. Case transferred to the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania. Held: Reversed and remanded.

William R. Soluigite, with him, Joseph S. Grossman and Allen L. Rothenberg, for appellant.

Barbara R. Axelrod, Divisional Deputy in Charge of Appeals, with her, Chandia M. Tesoro, Donna J. Mouzayck, Michael B. Tolcott, Assistant City Solicitor, and Barbara W. Mather, City Solicitor, for appellee.

OPINION BY JUDGE BARRY, February 26, 1986:

Appellant Joan McCreary appeals an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County which sustained preliminary objections filed by the defendant, the City of Philadelphia, and dismissed appellant's complaint.

In her complaint, appellant alleged that she was injured as a result of tortious conduct on the part of various officers of the City's police department. Following the filing of the complaint, the City filed preliminary objections, raising the defense of governmental immunity. The appellant countered by filing a document titled "Plaintiff's Preliminary Objections" in which she argued that Pa. R.C.P. No. 1030 required the affirmative defense of governmental immunity to be raised by way of new matter rather than by preliminary objections. The trial court granted the City's preliminary objections and dismissed the complaint. This appeal followed.

The appellant argues that the trial court erred in granting the City's preliminary objections based on governmental immunity because the City had passed an ordinance which states, "(a) [t]he City shall not plead governmental immunity as a defense in any civil action commenced by any person sustaining bodily injury caused by negligence or unlawful conduct of any police officer while the latter is acting within the scope of his office or employment." Chapter 21-700 of the Philadelphia Code. In Middleton v. City of Philadelphia, 89 Pa. Commw. 362, 492 A.2d 763 (1985), we held that this section operated as a limited waiver by the City of the immunity granted by the Political Subdivision Tort Claims Act, 42 Pa. C. S. §§ 8541-8564, even though the City ordinance predated the Act by some seven years.

In spite of our decision in Middleton, the City believes the trial court must be affirmed, arguing that the appellant has waived the right to argue the applicability of the ordinance because the trial court was never given an opportunity to rule on the same question. As a general rule, a litigant may not raise a new argument for the first time in an appellate court. Pa. R.A.P. 302(a). For the reasons that follow, we do not believe the general rule is applicable on the facts presented in this case.

Despite the fact that Pa. R.C.P. No. 1030 requires that the defense of immunity from suit be raised in new matter, numerous cases have held that immunity from suit may be raised in preliminary objections where that defense is apparent on the face of the pleading being challenged. Ziccardi v. School District of Philadelphia, 91 Pa. Commw. 595, 498 A.2d 452 (1985), and cases cited therein. Both this court and the Supreme Court, however, have stated that a party may object to an opponent's raising immunity from suit in an improper manner, i.e., by preliminary objections. Freach v. Commonwealth, 471 Pa. 558, 564-65 n. 6, 370 A.2d 1163, 1166-67 n. 6 (1977); Swartz v. Masloff, 62 Pa. Commw. 522, 437 A.2d 472 (1981). The proper manner for raising such a challenge is to file preliminary objections to the preliminary objections raising immunity. Ziccardi, Swartz. The appellant in this case did precisely that. The trial court therefore should have stricken the City's preliminary objections, thereby requiring the City to plead immunity from suit in new matter. We cannot assume that the appellant would not have raised the ordinance in question in a responsive pleading filed to the new matter. Under the circumstances, it would be utter sophistry to invoke a concept of waiver against appellant.

ORDER

NOW, February 26, 1986, the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County, dated April 23, 1984 and filed May 1, 1984, at January Term, 1984 No. 3995, is reversed, and that matter is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

Jurisdiction relinquished.