Opinion
2015–10531 Index No. 15446/11
03-21-2018
Jonathan MCALLISTER, Jr., appellant, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., respondents.
The Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Firm, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Allyson L. Stein and Alan Fuchsberg of counsel), for appellant. Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Deborah A. Brenner and Daniel Matza–Brown of counsel), for respondents.
The Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Firm, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Allyson L. Stein and Alan Fuchsberg of counsel), for appellant.
Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Deborah A. Brenner and Daniel Matza–Brown of counsel), for respondents.
MARK C. DILLON, J.P., JOHN M. LEVENTHAL, HECTOR D. LASALLE, VALERIE BRATHWAITE NELSON, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Johnny Lee Baynes, J.), dated December 5, 2014. The order, insofar as appealed from, granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action alleging negligent supervision.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as appealed from, with costs.
On October 9, 2010, while incarcerated at Rikers Island, the plaintiff's jaw was fractured when another inmate assaulted him in the gym of the Robert N. Davoren Center. The plaintiff commenced this action alleging, inter alia, that the defendants were negligent in failing to exercise appropriate supervision. The defendants moved, inter alia, for summary judgment dismissing the cause of action alleging negligent supervision. The Supreme Court granted that branch of the motion. The plaintiff appeals.
A municipality owes a duty of care to inmates in correctional facilities to safeguard them from attacks from other inmates (see Sanchez v. State of New York , 99 N.Y.2d 247, 252, 754 N.Y.S.2d 621, 784 N.E.2d 675 ; Barnette v. City of New York , 96 A.D.3d 700, 701, 945 N.Y.S.2d 749 ). This duty, however, does not place the municipality in the role of insurers of inmate safety (see Sanchez v. State of New York , 99 N.Y.2d at 256, 754 N.Y.S.2d 621, 784 N.E.2d 675 ; Barnette v. City of New York , 96 A.D.3d at 701, 945 N.Y.S.2d 749 ).
Rather, "the scope of the [municipality's] duty to protect inmates is limited to risks of harm that are reasonably foreseeable" ( Sanchez v. State of New York , 99 N.Y.2d at 253, 754 N.Y.S.2d 621, 784 N.E.2d 675 ; see Vasquez v. State of New York , 68 A.D.3d 1275, 1276, 890 N.Y.S.2d 184 ; Codrington v. State of New York , 19 A.D.3d 443, 444, 797 N.Y.S.2d 100 ). Foreseeability includes what the defendant municipality knew or should have known (see Barnette v. City of New York , 96 A.D.3d at 701, 945 N.Y.S.2d 749 ; Vasquez v. State of New York , 68 A.D.3d at 1276, 890 N.Y.S.2d 184 ).
Here, the defendants established their prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law by demonstrating that the assault upon the plaintiff was not reasonably foreseeable. In this regard, the defendants' submissions demonstrated that the plaintiff's assailant was not a known gang member, had no prior incidents of fighting or aggressive behavior while at Rikers Island, and was not classified as high risk for fighting. Additionally, their submissions established that the plaintiff did not know or see his assailant, who, without provocation, punched him in the jaw, and that at the time there was a correction officer present providing the proper level of supervision in accordance with the applicable standard of "active supervision" as defined in the State Commission of Correction Minimum Standards and Regulations for Management of County Jails and Penitentiaries ( 9 NYCRR 7003.2 [c]; 7003.4[a] ). In opposition, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact (see Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp. , 68 N.Y.2d 320, 324, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572 ). The opinion of the plaintiff's expert that the defendants provided inadequate supervision and that the risk of assault upon the plaintiff was foreseeable was conclusory, speculative, and unsupported by the record (see Grosskopf v. 8320 Parkway Towers Corp. , 88 A.D.3d 765, 766, 930 N.Y.S.2d 661 ; Micciola v. Sacchi , 36 A.D.3d 869, 871, 828 N.Y.S.2d 572 ). Accordingly, the Supreme Court properly granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the negligent supervision cause of action.
DILLON, J.P., LEVENTHAL, LASALLE and BRATHWAITE NELSON, JJ., concur.