Opinion
January 17, 1989
Appeal from the Family Court, Queens County (De Phillips, J.).
Ordered that the order of disposition is affirmed, without costs or disbursements.
The appellant sought to suppress the gun which was the basis of this proceeding on the ground that he was arrested in the absence of probable cause to believe that he had committed or was committing a crime. The testimony at the suppression hearing established that an unidentified man approached a privately employed uniformed security guard in a park area of Lefrak City and told him that a young man on a nearby bench had a gun in his backpack. The man pointed to the bench where a group of young men were congregated and described the person and clothing of the young man with the gun. The appellant and his clothing matched the description, and he was the only one wearing a backpack. The informant did not reveal the source of his information. Based on this information, the security guard approached the appellant and asked to speak with him. The appellant's reaction was to jump off the bench, run at the security guard and try to knock him down. Although the appellant presented a witness who testified that he merely tried to walk away from the security guard, the Family Court credited the testimony of the security guard that the appellant "tried to run right through me" and we decline to disturb that finding (see, People v Jones, 69 N.Y.2d 853). The security guard further testified that he grabbed the appellant, wrestled him onto the bench and then escorted him into a security office just a few feet away. At the security guard's request, the appellant placed the backpack on a table. In response to a request by the security guard or his supervisor for identification, the appellant unzipped the backpack and removed a notebook. The security guard looked in the backpack and saw the butt of a handgun. The gun was recovered, and the appellant was placed under arrest.
Initially, we note that the arguments advanced on appeal in support of the denial of the suppression motion (i.e., that there was no governmental involvement in the recovery of the gun and that the security guard had probable cause to arrest the appellant for attempted assault) were not raised in the Family Court and cannot serve as grounds for affirmance of the denial (see, People v Nieves, 67 N.Y.2d 125, 135-136; People v Johnson, 64 N.Y.2d 617; People v Dodt, 61 N.Y.2d 408, 416). Moreover, to the extent that evidence relevant to these arguments was adduced at the hearing, their validity was not conclusively demonstrated (People v Nieves, supra, at 136). The testimony of the security guard revealed that his supervisor, a peace officer, had significant involvement in the events under review (see, People v Jones, 47 N.Y.2d 528). In addition, the security guard did not specify the nature and degree of physical contact initiated by the appellant.
Nevertheless, we affirm the denial of the motion to suppress. "The proper analysis in assessing the reasonableness of police conduct `is to examine the predicate for the police action and then determine whether or not that predicate justified the extent of the official intrusion on the individual. Thus, the predicate established defines the scope of permissible police conduct'" (People v Olsen, 93 A.D.2d 824, quoting People v Stewart, 41 N.Y.2d 65, 66). An anonymous informant providing a general description and location of a person with a gun, with no indication of reliability or the source of the knowledge, triggers only a police officer's common-law right to detain and inquire (see, People v De Bour, 40 N.Y.2d 210, 223; People v Cantor, 36 N.Y.2d 106, 114). However, if, as here, the officer is able to confirm, by personal observation, details provided by the informant which, although not suggestive of criminal activity, are "so specific and congruous with that which was actually encountered * * * the reliability of the information [may] reasonably be assumed" (People v Olsen, supra, at 824; see also, People v Salaman, 71 N.Y.2d 869).
The description in this case pinpointed the appellant and excluded all other persons present. Consequently, the security guard was entitled not only to detain the appellant to the extent necessary to obtain explanatory information but to conduct a pat-down search (see, People v Kinlock, 43 N.Y.2d 832; People Stewart, 41 N.Y.2d 65, supra). The appellant's violent behavior prevented the security guard from doing either. Under the circumstances, the security guard's removal of the appellant to a nearby secure area was justified and reasonable. Although the security guard did not conduct a pat-down search in the security office, he properly requested the appellant's identification (see, People v Jones, 69 N.Y.2d 853, supra) and then observed the gun in plain view when the appellant opened the backpack. Thus, we agree with the Family Court that the scope and extent of the intrusion were reasonable in light of the facts then known to the security guard, and that the reasonable suspicion was elevated to probable cause to arrest upon discovery of the gun (see, People v Aponte, 130 A.D.2d 664, lv denied 70 N.Y.2d 709). Brown, J.P., Lawrence, Kooper and Spatt, JJ., concur.