Opinion
November 21, 1979
Appeal from the District Court of Suffolk County, Fourth District, LAWRENCE NEWMARK, J.
Leonard S. Clark, Elizabeth Jackson Popkin and Jeffrey Siegel for appellant.
Joseph Rubin for respondent.
MEMORANDUM.
Order of the court below (see 97 Misc.2d 953) affirmed, with $10 costs.
Defendant appeals from an order dismissing her third, fourth, and fifth affirmative defenses in this action by plaintiff, a hospital, to recover the balance due for medical services rendered. The three defenses allege plaintiff's failure to comply with its obligation under the "Hill-Burton Act" to furnish below cost or without charge a reasonable volume of services to persons unable to pay therefor (see US Code, tit 42, § 291c, subd [e]; 42 C.F.R. § 3.111).
The question before this court is whether a defendant in a hospital collection action may assert such noncompliance as an affirmative defense.
The Hill-Burton Act did not originally provide that a private party could bring a civil action to compel a hospital to comply with its assurances under the act to provide a reasonable volume of uncompensated services. The courts, however, held that a private civil remedy could be implied from the act's intention to insure that indigents would be supplied sufficient hospital services when needed (see, e.g., Euresti v Stenner, 458 F.2d 1115; Saine v Hospital Auth. of Hall County, 502 F.2d 1033). In contrast, however, the reported decisions which considered whether a hospital's noncompliance could be raised as an affirmative defense in a hospital collection action determined that such a defense was not available (see Yale-New Haven Hosp. v Matthews, 32 Conn. Sup. 539; Falmouth Hosp. v Lopes, ___ Mass. ___, 382 N.E.2d 1042; Cooper Med. Center v Joyner, 165 N.J. Super. 482; Valley Credit Serv. v Mair, 35 Or. App. 637).
In 1975, Congress added provisions to the act intended to strengthen efforts to enforce the assurances (see 1974 US Code, Cong Admin News, vol 4, p 7900). The Secretary's responsibility and authority to enforce compliance was increased (US Code, tit 42, § 300p-2, subd [c]). In addition, Congress, for the first time, expressly authorized a private civil action to enforce the assurances. The effect of this, however, was to limit and not expand the private remedy: "An appropriate action to effectuate compliance with any such assurance may be brought by a person other than the Secretary only if a complaint has been filed by such person with the Secretary and the Secretary has dismissed such complaint or the Attorney General has not brought a civil action for compliance with such assurance within 6 months after the date on which the complaint was filed with the Secretary." (US Code, tit 42, § 300p-2, subd [c].)
Congress would not have required a private party to exhaust his administrative remedies if it had intended to allow a hospital's noncompliance to be interposed as a defense in every hospital collection action. Moreover, raising such a defense is not an appropriate method of effectuating compliance with a hospital's assurances. Collateral issues of extraordinary proportions would be introduced into every hospital collection case if the defense were allowed. Even after all the issues were litigated, the remedy would necessarily be limited to effectuating the defendant's individual entitlement under the act since the District Court is without jurisdiction to issue an injunction ordering compliance (see UDCA, art 2).
Concur: FARLEY, P.J., PITTONI and SLIFKIN, JJ.