Summary
In Marrow v. Moskowitz (255 N.Y. 219, 221-222) Chief Judge CARDOZO, speaking for the Court of Appeals, considering a claim by a surviving joint tenant against the estate of a predeceasing joint tenant with respect to moneys withdrawn by the decedent during her lifetime from a joint savings bank account, said: "The withdrawal did not destroy the joint tenancy or the title of the survivor, if a joint tenancy had been created."
Summary of this case from Matter of KesslerOpinion
Submitted November 18, 1930
Decided January 6, 1931
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, First Department.
Edward C. Weinrib and Benjamin Seligman for appellants.
Henry C. Burnstine for respondent.
Defendants' testatrix, Fannie Manheimer, opened an account in the Yorkville Bank of New York city on October 3, 1923, in the name of "Pearl Harris or Fannie Manheimer, payable to either or survivor" (Banking Law; Cons. Laws, ch. 2, § 249, subd. 3).
On January 19, 1925, she closed the account by withdrawing the entire fund and depositing it in a new account opened in her own name.
This action is brought by Pearl Harris, now Pearl Harris Marrow, against the executors of Mrs. Manheimer to establish as to the joint account a title by survivorship, and to recover to her own use the moneys withdrawn therefrom.
This court in Moskowitz v. Marrow ( 251 N.Y. 380) determined the interests of the same parties in other bank accounts opened in a like form. The opinions at the Appellate Division suggest some confusion of thought as to the effect of our ruling, and hence for greater certainty we state it again.
When a bank account is opened in the form prescribed by statute (Banking Law, § 249, subd. 3), a presumption at once arises that the interest of the depositors is that of joint tenants. Upon the death of one of the depositors, this presumption becomes conclusive in favor of the survivor in respect of any moneys then left in the account. It continues to be a mere presumption in respect of any moneys previously withdrawn.
The moneys now in controversy were no longer in the account at the death of Mrs. Manheimer. They had been taken out during her life. The withdrawal did not destroy the joint tenancy or the title of the survivor, if a joint tenancy had been created. It did, however, open the door to competent evidence, if any was available, that the tenancy created at the opening of the account was in truth something different from the tenancy defined by the presumption. It had no other force.
The defendants offered evidence in an attempt to neutralize the presumption, but what was offered was properly rejected as being incompetent against the plaintiff. The evidence consisted of statements made by Mrs. Manheimer to nurses and others in the absence of the plaintiff after the account had been established. Such hearsay declarations were unavailing to divest a title, or to shatter the presumption that a title was intended ( Moskowitz v. Marrow, supra, at p. 400; Tierney v. Fitzpatrick, 195 N.Y. 433, 434, 435; Mabie v. Bailey, 95 N.Y. 206, 211).
The fact that Mrs. Manheimer was blind and helpless would indeed have been a corroborating circumstance if evidence had been offered that by the agreement of the depositors the tenancy in its inception did not accord with the presumption. In the absence of other evidence, her disabilities were without significance. A corroborating circumstance is worthless when there is nothing to corroborate.
The judgment should be affirmed with costs.
POUND, CRANE, LEHMAN, KELLOGG, O'BRIEN and HUBBS, JJ., concur.
Judgment affirmed.